Media Player Classic Home Cinema (MPC-HC) - DXVA!

[MasterNobody]

I found the reason of MPC freeze when trying to view DVD (.ifo) or .vob files with standard Microsoft source filters qdvd.dll/mpg2splt.ax (NOT internal MPEG PS/TS/PVA source filter) with Haali Video Render dxr.dll. It caused by deadlock in STDMETHODIMP CFGManager::EnumFilters(IEnumFilters** ppEnum)
{
if(!m_pUnkInner) return E_UNEXPECTED;

CAutoLock cAutoLock(this);

return CComQIPtr<IFilterGraph2>(m_pUnkInner)->EnumFilters(ppEnum);
}

because sometimes (most of the times) it at first called by Haali Video Render (NOT main thread) and during it execution it is called from MPEG-2 Splitter/Demultiplexer (main thread). For myself I have made patched version (where I fill with NOPs calls of EnterCriticalSection/LeaveCriticalSection of this function) which works without freeze. May be somebody can find more correct workaround for this problem than removing critical section.

[Rash]

Hey, I did the CTRL + CyberLink video but I couldn't get the mode (software, hardware). I did get an extra "statistics" information on CyberLink's properties, though. It says the average fps, expected fps, etc. (Cyberlink Video/SP Decoder, PowerDVD 7 Ultra BD/HD-DVD Edition)

You were talking about doing this on MPC, right?

Oh! Finally you guys realised about the grey bars when using EVR. I've been crazy about it for quite some time. You can adjust your video to scale to the extended range (0-255) but the grey bars are still there. The effect is awful, check it out.
http://rash.apanela.com/images/wmp11/wmp11-background.png

I have already sent a support ticket to NVIDIA and I have also posted about it on Microsoft Newsgroups. It seems that nobody have this problem. NVIDIA hasn't replied to me yet.

Oh, by the way, I don't think this grey bar problem occurs with the analog RGB connection, only with DVI. I have made several tests and analog RGB is always fine.

[SBeaver]

Hey, I did the CTRL + CyberLink video but I couldn't get the mode (software, hardware). I did get an extra "statistics" information on CyberLink's properties, though. It says the average fps, expected fps, etc. (Cyberlink Video/SP Decoder, PowerDVD 7 Ultra BD/HD-DVD Edition)

You were talking about doing this on MPC, right?

Oh! Finally you guys realised about the grey bars when using EVR. I've been crazy about it for quite some time. You can adjust your video to scale to the extended range (0-255) but the grey bars are still there. The effect is awful, check it out.
http://rash.apanela.com/images/wmp11/wmp11-background.png

I have already sent a support ticket to NVIDIA and I have also posted about it on Microsoft Newsgroups. It seems that nobody have this problem. NVIDIA hasn't replied to me yet.

Oh, by the way, I don't think this grey bar problem occurs with the analog RGB connection, only with DVI. I have made several tests and analog RGB is always fine.

There might have been a change here in drivers 163.69 (or whatever the latest was) bot I'm not 100% certain.
I updated from the previous 163.67 and the bars are now some degree darker.
As I said it might be something else that caused it but try these drivers and see if it helps any.
I'm on Vista x64

edit: and also using DVI (single link)

[CiNcH]

Hey, I did the CTRL + CyberLink video but I couldn't get the mode (software, hardware). I did get an extra "statistics" information on CyberLink's properties, though. It says the average fps, expected fps, etc. (Cyberlink Video/SP Decoder, PowerDVD 7 Ultra BD/HD-DVD Edition)
Only possible with the H.264 decoder.

[Rash]

Ah, I must have missed that Cinch. Sorry. :o

Beaver, they released these new drivers yesterday, I didn't know about them. Downloading. But EVR Custom with the new MPC release is producing such amazing, awesome quality I hope it doesn't get ruined by the new drivers (as far as I know, the custom presenter shouldn't be affected because it doesn't depend on the drivers). In fact, I am keeping this MPC version forever, in case EVR Custom ever gets broken. :) lol, just kidding.

[EDIT] Just tested the new drivers, the bars are still 16, 16, 16. No change.

[SBeaver]

Strange, I guess something else must have caused the change somehow.

[delude101]

Hey, I did the CTRL + CyberLink video but I couldn't get the mode (software, hardware). I did get an extra "statistics" information on CyberLink's properties, though. It says the average fps, expected fps, etc. (Cyberlink Video/SP Decoder, PowerDVD 7 Ultra BD/HD-DVD Edition)

You were talking about doing this on MPC, right?

Oh! Finally you guys realised about the grey bars when using EVR. I've been crazy about it for quite some time. You can adjust your video to scale to the extended range (0-255) but the grey bars are still there. The effect is awful, check it out.
http://rash.apanela.com/images/wmp11/wmp11-background.png

I have already sent a support ticket to NVIDIA and I have also posted about it on Microsoft Newsgroups. It seems that nobody have this problem. NVIDIA hasn't replied to me yet.

Oh, by the way, I don't think this grey bar problem occurs with the analog RGB connection, only with DVI. I have made several tests and analog RGB is always fine.

How did you get 0-255? More annoying then the grey bars tbh.

And was that a regular analog RGB or through a dvi to d-sub adapter?

[KyleK]

Oh! Finally you guys realised about the grey bars when using EVR. I've been crazy about it for quite some time. You can adjust your video to scale to the extended range (0-255) but the grey bars are still there. The effect is awful, check it out.
http://rash.apanela.com/images/wmp11/wmp11-background.png

Oh, by the way, I don't think this grey bar problem occurs with the analog RGB connection, only with DVI. I have made several tests and analog RGB is always fine.

I'm using MPC HC on Vista Ultimate (32bit) with an ATi Radeon X800 Pro and I too get the wrong black levels with grey bars at widescreen. This only happens in EVR mode, Haali is fine. My display is connected via D-SUB/VGA.

[Delerue]

...EVR Custom with the new MPC release is producing such amazing, awesome quality I hope it doesn't get ruined by the new drivers...

Do you have any screenshot comparison? Would be great to see that difference.

Thanks! ;)

[Rash]

Delude101, I have adjusted the brightness and contrast on the NV Control Panel to get 0-255. I don't think I made it a perfect 0-255 scaling, but I won't use it anyway because of the issue in the picture. And for all other renderers, including EVR Custom Presenter on MPC HC, the bars are all black and the 0-255 scaling is perfect.

I got EVR to add pure black bars using a regular analog RGB connector, not analog through DVI (using adapter).

[Rash]

Delerue, sure I do. I took the screenshots on two different types of video with EVR, EVR Custom (using the latest MPC build) and Haali Renderer. They were taken fullscreen so that the resizing algorithms of these renderers were part of the quality as well. Well, that's how I watch videos anyway, hehe.

Bioshock Gametrailers Review

EVR (http://rash.apanela.com/images/comparison/bio_evr.png)
EVR Custom (http://rash.apanela.com/images/comparison/bio_evrcust.png)
Haali (http://rash.apanela.com/images/comparison/bio_haali.png)

Notice how EVR Custom gives me a little sharper image than Haali. You can see that on the tiny parts of the hardware or in the tips of the crosses in the background. I do like sharpness, so this extra gain is very welcome for me. :)

New Zealand x Portugal

EVR (http://rash.apanela.com/images/comparison/rugby_evr.png)
EVR Custom (http://rash.apanela.com/images/comparison/rugby_evrcust.png)
Haali (http://rash.apanela.com/images/comparison/rugby_haali_601.png)

EVR Custom produces the same effect here (well, there is no reason not to). You can see the extra sharpness in the crowd farthest from the camera and on some letters in the table. In this case the color is a bit different. The Bioshock video screenshot was taken with Haali set to BT.709 and this one was taken with Haali set to BT.601. I believe these are the correct standards for the videos, am I right? Well, I took another screenshot for this video using BT.709 and now the colors are different.

BT.709 (http://rash.apanela.com/images/comparison/rugby_haali_709.png)

BT.601 produces a more greenish image while BT.709 produces a more redish one. Even though I tend to like redish better, I believe the right colors are the ones produced by BT.601.

On both videos simple EVR is unwatchable, so that's a renderer I just don't use.

And once again, I would like to thank Casimir for fixing the EVR Custom on MPC. ;)

[CiNcH]

I have a weird problem under WinXP with latest ForceWare Beta 163.69 and MPC. VMR modes (VMR9 Windowed/Renderless, did not test VMR7 so far) show bad quality when DXVA Deinterlacing (GF 8600) is used. Looks as if fields are swapped (round forms are very square-edged). No problems with the DVBViewer as DirectShow app or GraphEdit however (with DXVA Deinterlacing enabled).

[EDIT]
VMR7 does not seem to suffer from this problem but deinterlacing in VMR7 Renderless does not seem to be the spatial-temporal algorithm (looks more like a blend algorithm). VMR7 Windowed is perfect..
I don't know where the VMR9 problem is coming from with MPC/FW 163.69 combo.

[kurt]

@ Rash:

interesting shots :)
which settings (surface, Lock back-buffer, Direct3D Fullscreen) did you choose for EVR custom? and how many EVR back buffers? which resizer? Is there anything recommended? I can't find nothing
on casimir's website....

in case you didn't know: with haali splitter you are able to tweak the sharpness...

[Rash]

Thank you Kurt.

Settings are

EVR Custom:
- 3D Surfaces
- Bicubic A=-1.00
- No D3D Fullscreen
- Lock back-buffer
- 20 EVR Buffers

Haali
- BT options I mentioned on my previous post
- TV (16 -> 235)
- All other options default.

Kurt, I do know Haali allows tweaking sharpness. Though none of the options I set for sharpness seemed to make any result. Haali on -1.0 was still less sharp than EVR Cust at -1.0.

[kurt]

thx for the info, Rash. gonna look, which one seems better on my plasma. So far I used haali renderer ....

[KoD]

Rash, do you have anything like antialiasing or certain forms of texture filtering for DirectX enforced in the video drivers (as opposed to set to "Application Default") ? Any such setting that affects games also affects haali's renderer. This might be one of the reasons why you can't see any change in the picture when changing the sharpness in haali's config panel.

Another thing is: if the video resolution is equal to the display resolution (something like a 1280x720 video displayed on a 1280xsomething_here display), the resizer in haali's renderer is never used so changing the sharpness in the config panel will have no result.

[Delerue]

Rash, thanks for your screenshots and your long and detailed post. You inspired me to make a test comparing the render that I use today (VMR7 windowed) and EVR (both default and custom with your settings). I don't want to make a conclusion, so I leave to you. :)

ss.7z - 5.12MB (http://www.zshare.net/download/37705675d086b4/)

I used the latest MPC by Casimir, build 1.0.10.0.

EDIT: Forgot to say that I'm using FFDShow build 1465 by clsid. I'm using two filters: 'Resize & aspect' and 'Blur & NR'. If you want to know all the configuration details, I can tell you. ;)

[Rash]

Kurt. When I connect my PC to my LCD screen I usually watch my videos on Windows Media Center. Quality is superb! I have also tested with Haali and quality is superb as well. I don't know which one is better, I just use Media Center because it does look good and nice to use on a TV. :D I haven't tested EVR Custom with MPC HC latest build yet.

Kod, I know the graphics settings interfere with Haali Renderer. They are all set to Application-controlled. So I don't know what could be causing this issue. Shouldn't it also affect EVR Custom? I have tried EVR Custom with D3D Fullscreen and quality is the same as no D3D FS. And I am not watching videos that have the same resolution as my desktop. :)

Delerue, it looks like your EVR Custom is not showing the full RGB range (0-255). Notice how it looks just like EVR default but with black bars. Your VMR9 Windowed is in the full range, so the contrast is much better. :) The screenshots don't have exactely the same resolution. They are all 1152x648 but the EVR modes have black bars. Do you know why? Humm... I think maybe ffdshow is doing it, because of the filters? Post them! :)

[Kado]

@Delerue

Try "keep aspect ratio" enabled in mpc to remove the bars

[CiNcH]

I have a weird problem under WinXP with latest ForceWare Beta 163.69 and MPC. VMR modes (VMR9 Windowed/Renderless, did not test VMR7 so far) show bad quality when DXVA Deinterlacing (GF 8600) is used. Looks as if fields are swapped (round forms are very square-edged). No problems with the DVBViewer as DirectShow app or GraphEdit however (with DXVA Deinterlacing enabled).

[EDIT]
VMR7 does not seem to suffer from this problem but deinterlacing in VMR7 Renderless does not seem to be the spatial-temporal algorithm (looks more like a blend algorithm). VMR7 Windowed is perfect..
I don't know where the VMR9 problem is coming from with MPC/FW 163.69 combo.


ADD:
Think with newer nVIDIA drivers (>= 163.69) YUV mixing is used all the time. But I have seen this behaviour only in MPC so far.

Does anybody know why YUV mixing is of very bad quality on my nVIDIA based computer?

[Kado]

I think YUV mixing is good for low end pcs. to save some power, instead of RGB mixing you get YUV mixing. more info here (http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms788177.aspx).

[CiNcH]

Yes, I know about YUV, but it looks terrible on my nVIDIA GPU-based PC (when DXVA or more specific DXVA Deinterlacing is enabled).

SEE HERE (http://members.inode.at/762450/vmr-bug/yuv.jpg)

And with drivers >= 163.69 picture always looks that way in VMR9, also if YUV mixing is disabled. I also went back to 158.22 to verify whether picture is ok there, and it is, as long as YUV is not enabled.

[Kado]

hum... probably they have forced yuv mixing. whats you gpu?

[CiNcH]

GeForce 8600 GTS. That was my first thought too but other DirectShow apps like DVBViewer look good with VMR9 (same graph, with DXVA). It is a 100% reproducable.


FW 158.22 + VMR9 + DXVA Deinterlacing + interlaced content = cool

FW 158.22 + VMR9 + YUV mixing + DXVA Deinterlacing + interlaced content = bad (see picture above)


FW 163.69 + VMR9 + DXVA Deinterlacing + interlaced content = bad (see picture above)

FW 163.69 + VMR9 + YUV mixing + DXVA Deinterlacing + interlaced content = bad (see picture above)

FW 158.22 + VMR9 + YUV mixing + progressive content = cool

Conflict is between DXVA Deinterlacing and YUV and in case of the latest driver it is also present in non-YUV mode. So VMR9 and DXVA Deinterlacing is a no-go now.

[foxyshadis]

You should file a ticket with nvidia, even if you find a workaround, so that it can hopefully be fixed for the next release.

[CiNcH]

*g* I have been trying to ticket them the biggest nVIDIA VMR flaw for well over a year now. It is about connecting 2 inputs to VMR in DXVA mode with DXVA Deinterlacing enabled (which YUV is supposed to "fix"). Probably they tried to fix it and introduced the new one *g*.

http://members.inode.at/762450/vmr-bug/GraphEdit_nVIDIA8600.jpg

http://members.inode.at/762450/vmr-bug/GraphEdit_ATi9600.jpg

Forget it, games rule...

Just wanted to know if someone can reproduce the new bug.

[Delerue]

Delerue, it looks like your EVR Custom is not showing the full RGB range (0-255). Notice how it looks just like EVR default but with black bars.

Hmmm... Indeed the only difference I can see between EVR default and custom is the 'real black'. But VMR7 looks even better in my opinion.

About the resolution, the problem is that I took the VMR7 screenshots with the MPC option called 'Save Image...', but I can't do it when the render is EVR. So to take the EVR screenshots I used the old printscreen technique . :)

@Delerue

Try "keep aspect ratio" enabled in mpc to remove the bars

Thanks, Kado. I tried to explain the resolution problem to Rash.

[foxyshadis]

*g* I have been trying to ticket them the biggest nVIDIA VMR flaw for well over a year now. It is about connecting 2 inputs to VMR in DXVA mode with DXVA Deinterlacing enabled (which YUV is supposed to "fix"). Probably they tried to fix it and introduced the new one *g*.

Ah, well, one can always hope. ;_; It's true, for all the noise over HD video being the new priority, they sure don't seem to care much about fixing or even standardizing behavior. Same here when I contact ATI, if they don't just close the ticket immediately for being a mobile chip.

[Rash]

LOL, yes, we can only hope they are going to do something for us. :) I have filed a ticked about the whole YUV range thing and nothing so far.

Delerue, that's strange. Here on my PC I can take screenshots with EVR, actually, that's how I took mine. Then maybe it is an XP / EVR thing. :D

Cinch, somehow I get the feeling NV drivers are worse each new version. :( That is sad for a company that was known for their solid drivers. In the beggining, like two years ago when I acquired my video card (GeForce 6800GT), I had absolutely no problems with DXVA. Today I have issues with a whole bunch of movies. Go figure. :(

[CiNcH]

LOL, yes, we can only hope they are going to do something for us. I have filed a ticked about the whole YUV range thing and nothing so far.
So do I get you right that you at least have the same problem with YUV and interlaced content resp. YUV in combination with the deinterlacer?

[CruNcher]

Yeah as i allready wrote on the Nvidia forum don't be suprised about all this there seems only a very small group of develoers actually working on the XP drivers most of them do Vista enhancements and most probably it's also a problem to keep the Unified Driver Architecture compatible with all these Security and different Hardware stuff it seems they now set priorities and the bigest one in their queue is Vista compatibility (pleasing content owners is the most important thing now as a GPU vendor).
@ Ati the situation seems a little bit better they allready had Hardware acceleration support for their UVD ready for Vista and XP @ release of the first official supporting 2xxx series Catalyst (and they don't suffer from the VMR9 Deinterlacing bug that Nvidia knows since 1 year now and they still get WHQL certified even with it LOL) Nvidia did not, tells me alot and especialy AMD now Open Sourceing alot of their Core Driver stuff is great so soon @ least under Linux they will be a very powerfull driver developed by the community, this for sure is also gonna push Hardware acelleration forward under Linux (usage of the UVD core with Mplayer and Co) but sure it still will take some time before this becomes reallity, but it's a great step that Nvidia didn't go yet ;)

[CiNcH]

(and they don't suffer from the VMR9 Deinterlacing bug that Nvidia knows since 1 year now and they still get WHQL certified even with it LOL)
Oh my friend they do. Since Radeon X2000 HD series ATi is suffering from exactly the same behaviour with 2 input pins. Don't really know what I should think about that ;) . Or are you talking about the YUV problem?
I will have a look at EVR as well as soon as I set up a Vista system again as DXVA 2.0 is only accessible there...

[CruNcher]

what really ? jesus so the bug seems to be on Microsofts side then LOL (i wonder if that is the same case on Windows MCE 2005 as their the Directshow components are a little different from Windows Xp (quartz.dll), mostly due to DRM stuff but i wonder if they fixed also some bugs, but then would be the question why they didn't realesed updated components for Windows XP) but actually someone has to test this theory first on Windows MCE 2005 :P

[CiNcH]

Yes, really. As I said, I don't really know what I should think about that now. Because there are GPU/driver combinations (for example Radeon X1000 series or GF6+older drivers, I think GF6+newer drivers also suffer from the problem) that work without this problem. Quite some people reported the problem with ATi X2000 series in the DVBViewer community (DVBViewer renders OSD's on the second input pin).

[CiNcH]

BTW, you can also switch to 8-Bit color depth to solve the problem. (besides switching off deinterlacing)

[Leak]

BTW, you can also switch to 8-Bit color depth to solve the problem. (besides switching off deinterlacing)
Pardon my french, but OMGWTFBBQ? :eek:

Who even still uses 8-bit display modes in this day and age?

np: Modeselektor - Late Check-Out (Happy Birthday!)

[CiNcH]

Who even still uses 8-bit display modes in this day and age?
Nobody, just analyzing the problem, could be a usefull peace of information... Deinterlacing is not switched off at 8-Bit, so I really wonder where this problem is originating...

[CiNcH]

OK, problem is not solved at 8-Bit, application just automatically reverts to good old Overlay then.

[CruNcher]

CiNcH just a question as you have a 8600 GTS is it possible to playback more HD streams accellerated @ the same time ? for example 2x Mpeg-2 @1080p or 1 Mpeg-2 and 1x AVC/VC-1 ??? (how does GPU utilization looks like playing 1 complex HD stream like Casino Royale ?), hmm im planing on my next GPU purchase and i wonder if dual stream playback is possible, ofcourse it's more or less a useless feature for most but if it works why not ;) especialy it could work for the new Ati 2600 X2 cards (2x UVD cores) 1 core per HD Stream :P, but very interesting is the possiblitly to use 1 core for Decoding and 1 core for Encoding (if finaly applications arrive that support hardware encoding) :d or better to wait for the 8700 (G92) series with the rumored PureVideo 3 (officialy nobody knows what could have been enhanced if it's not only a rumor, i would bet it will have full VC-1 Decoding support, better cadeance detection and like ATI adaptive denoising).

[CiNcH]

I have performed a short first test with 720p50 @ ~10 Mbps.

http://members.inode.at/762450/vmr-bug/2_avc_hd.jpg

The frame drops also occur with only one stream. Dunno which filter does not handle this kind of sample properly.

I will also perform some more tests (with 1080i and other material, probably you would like to provide samples yourself) but till Thursday I have to prepare for my diploma...

Both streams shouldn't exceed 40 Mbps for a longer time (peaks can be up to over 50 Mbps) most likely.

Very interesting topic indeed. But I think we should not bother the MPC thread with that..

[SBeaver]

text....

did you try the same thing with two files from different harddrives?
That should make sure that it's not the harddrive slowing down because it has to read from the same file in different locations at the same time.
Only thing I can think of at the moment

[CiNcH]

No, there are problems with the content itself. As I said, I have also tried playing from only one file... I will do some in-depth tests after my diploma, with complex x264 samples, 1080i DVB broadcasts and the like. Will be interesting how far I can push multi-stream playback..

[SBeaver]

OK so it's just cyberlinks decoder filter that sucks, that's good to know.
I've personally havn't been able to find any decoder that works flawlessly on the h264 720p50 stream that I get from my dvb tv-tuner either, I havn't tried any file samples of that kind though.
Coreavc, as I remember, was the one that came closest.
Don't read too much into that though, it might be a flaw in the viewing application I use.

[maddox]

Hi Casimir666,

MPC HC does not open *.ram Files (e.g. rtsp://archimedes.cytanet.com.cy/encoder/cysat.rm).

I am using the latest Version of MPC HC and Real Alternative 1.60.
OS= XP Pro / SP2

Any Tips to solve the Problem?

Regards
maddox

[Rash]

So do I get you right that you at least have the same problem with YUV and interlaced content resp. YUV in combination with the deinterlacer?
Cinch, I'm not sure we have the exact same problem. Yours is related to HD h.264 decoding, right? I haven't tested neither HD and nor h.264 yet because I know my GF 6800 can't decode them. I believe only GF 6600 can (in the 6000 series).

But I do have a problem with DVD + DXVA + Interlaced content. The image has its aspect distorted and playback is not fluid. Interesting, though, is that on MPC + CyberLink Decoder + EVR standard I don't get the problem.

Anyway, I have just given up on all this now.

[CiNcH]

No, my problem is related to MPEG-2 SD, see the picture I have posted. Seems to be some weird scaling problem with YUV + VMR/DXVA deinterlacing (probably fields not in order? judge from attached image...).

Re-attach image: http://members.inode.at/762450/vmr-bug/yuv.jpg

[Casimir666]

Hi Casimir666,

MPC HC does not open *.ram Files (e.g. rtsp://archimedes.cytanet.com.cy/encoder/cysat.rm).

I am using the latest Version of MPC HC and Real Alternative 1.60.
OS= XP Pro / SP2

Any Tips to solve the Problem?

Regards
maddox

Your link works fine on my computer with Real Alternative, but you have to use "Open file" and not "Quick open file" ;)

[maddox]

Your link works fine on my computer with Real Alternative, but you have to use "Open file" and not "Quick open file" ;)
Thanks for your Help, it works this Way.

The Error occurs when I try to open a *.ram File with a doubleclick.
It works with MPC (clsid). Is there a Chance to fix it in MPC HC?

Regards
maddox

[Leak]

Thanks for your Help, it works this Way.

The Error occurs when I try to open a *.ram File with a doubleclick.
It works with MPC (clsid). Is there a Chance to fix it in MPC HC?
I'm going out on a limb here, but take a look at the list under "Options > Player > Formats" - what does the right column say under "Real Media file"? If it is "DirectShow", click on it then choose "Realmedia" - that might just fix opening files via "Quick open file" or via a file association...

np: Seabear - Lost Watch (Music For Hairy Scary Monsters)

[maddox]

I'm going out on a limb here, but take a look at the list under "Options > Player > Formats" - what does the right column say under "Real Media file"? If it is "DirectShow", click on it then choose "Realmedia" - that might just fix opening files via "Quick open file" or via a file association...
Hi Leak

Thanks so much, this solved the Problem. Sorry for Confusion.

When I changed the Language in MPC HC, "Realmedia" is changed back to "DirectShow". Thats the Reason why it doesn't work.


Regards
maddox