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Old 17th November 2005, 22:45   #1  |  Link
Mr Henderson
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9.8Mbps averaged over what period?

I've been told that there is no set period or number of frames over which the 9.8Mbps bitrate limit for DVD is averaged, so that it's not possible to predict with certainty whether a spike above the limit will be a problem. All the same, I'm hoping that someone has an idea of what a typical averaging period might be - it would be very useful to know.
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Old 20th November 2005, 06:36   #2  |  Link
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i thought the buffer was for 1 second...

but it's best to not take chances. just use a lower max bitrate.
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Old 20th November 2005, 06:45   #3  |  Link
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I've been told that there is no set period or number of frames over which the 9.8Mbps bitrate limit for DVD is averaged
by who exactly and why do you think they know what they are talking about ?

Quote:
9.8Mbps
care to guess what the last 2 letters at the end stand for ? here i will start it off for you - 9.8Mb per secon* . i am guessing you can fill in the last letter and clearly see what the averaging period actually is.

note of course thats just video max bitrate and once you start adding other streams, such as audio will need to be lowered so the total muxxed rate is not exceeded.
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Old 26th November 2005, 19:42   #4  |  Link
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Mug Funky
i thought the buffer was for 1 second...
Mhhh. Normally the buffers have size constraints... not time limitations... So have to disagree with the quoted statement...

Quote:
but it's best to not take chances. just use a lower max bitrate.
This part, insteed is based on the common sense, so what you suggest is ok for me, and I fully agree with this...

Please consider that the (and the only) clearily stated limitation in the reference docs is that the datarate of 9.8 Mbps (for the video) and 10.08 Mbps (including video, all audio, all subpictures), should be sustainded by a standard decoder for an indefinite period of time...

@dragongodz
Hi, dragon
Well, I understand you may be a little bit tired of reading again questions related to the video bitrate of mpeg2 streams after the long work and discussions related to the (highly appreciated, really) developments and contributions you are giving to the community.

Stated this, nevertheless, it does not seem to me the question of Mr Henderson is so silly to be just shortly dropped out with some humoristic comments...

To say the truth his premise seems to me correct, and the answer to the question "... I'm hoping that someone has an idea of what a typical averaging period might be - it would be very useful to know..." is simply that this typical averaging period does not exist: what is limiting the peak video bitrate is the size of the STD buffer - 232 Kbytes - and the fact that it should not overflow in any circumstances...

A total bitrate higher than 10.08 Mbps CAN be accepted by a standard decoder for a period longer than 1 second - it could be significantly longer - without infringing any compliancy with the DVD specs...

Last edited by Sir Didymus; 26th November 2005 at 19:55.
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Old 26th November 2005, 20:41   #5  |  Link
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@Sir Didymus:
Hi,
This is a question that keeps coming up and is one of much contention. You are quite right, it is supposedly the buffer that is the important part. i.e. the part that should never really overflow or underflow.

I'll tell you my story:
So we make encoders like QuEnc etc that try to obey such limits as the VBV/STD buffer. However when an encode is run through apps like bitrateviewer people tell me that the encode has spikes above 9.8MBits/sec. I tell them not to worry as the buffer is obeyed and that's all that matters and ignore their worries. Then I find out that these spikes are causing all manner of problems for DVD Players. So I limit it to the literal 9.8MBits/sec AND obey the buffer limits. Then things appear to be fine.

So this is at least why I do a literal limiting rather than just rely on buffer control.

I hope my view point of the situation helps mr henderson and any others as to why we try to be strict about the 9.8Mbits/sec limit.

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Old 27th November 2005, 11:01   #6  |  Link
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Quote:
To say the truth his premise seems to me correct, and the answer to the question "... I'm hoping that someone has an idea of what a typical averaging period might be - it would be very useful to know..." is simply that this typical averaging period does not exist: what is limiting the peak video bitrate is the size of the STD buffer - 232 Kbytes - and the fact that it should not overflow in any circumstances...
sorry but i have to disagree. when a specification GIVES a time period for a maximum bitrate to be averaged over,which the dvd specs do with the /sec, then it is applicable aswell. to simply ignore it is to invite problems which has already been shown.

now what must also be remembered is the dvd specs where written some time ago and hardware then is not the same as now. so they also have a basis in dvd read speed etc etc etc. now it could easily be said that 99.9% of dvd players will play now higher than what the specs state but you can not guarentee that will always be the case. best to just stick to the literal specs and not have to worry so much.

Quote:
Stated this, nevertheless, it does not seem to me the question of Mr Henderson is so silly to be just shortly dropped out with some humoristic comments...
would it have been more preferable if i had simply told him to use search and not ask things that have been discussed before ? so i gave him the answer in a whimsical way, i didnt know that was such a crime.
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Old 27th November 2005, 16:41   #7  |  Link
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Quote:
...I'll tell you my story:
So we make encoders like QuEnc etc that try to obey such limits as the VBV/STD buffer. However when an encode is run through apps like bitrateviewer people tell me that the encode has spikes above 9.8MBits/sec. I tell them not to worry as the buffer is obeyed and that's all that matters and ignore their worries. Then I find out that these spikes are causing all manner of problems for DVD Players. So I limit it to the literal 9.8MBits/sec AND obey the buffer limits. Then things appear to be fine.

So this is at least why I do a literal limiting rather than just rely on buffer control.
Hem, I read something [well, maybe something more than just "something"] about the story, by looking at some posts related to QUEnc development. Some of these posts have not being very nice, to say the thruth, and someones seemed really offensive, so first of all let me state clearily that I fully agree with your reasons and with the way it was decided to implemented the max bitrate constraint in your excellent encoder. That's all. I have to say again that the community (myself included of course) should be grateful for all what you did (and are doing) on the subject.

Said this, I am almost sure that many of the reported troubles were caused by the adoption of authoring applications [that have the responsibility of formatting the assets] that simply did not properly implement the STD buffer constraint. Among these applications there are all the ones based on the code of mplex [ifoedit as example...]. This can be easily demonstrated: there are some profiling tools available to professionals [Mpeg2 TS and DVD-Video veryfiers from Tektronix and Phylips] showing that today as example Scenarist and Muxman are properly handling the STD buffer during the muxing stage, but many other authoring applications are not.

Quote:
...sorry but i have to disagree. when a specification GIVES a time period for a maximum bitrate to be averaged over,which the dvd specs do with the /sec, then it is applicable aswell. to simply ignore it is to invite problems which has already been shown.
OK. It is evident here we are in disagreement.
I can just say that it does not seem to me that specs are stating exactely the time period for the max bitrate to be averaged over. If you could point me out some references, it would be appreciated. I have to say again I read many documents, and everywhere it is stated that the datarate of 9.8 Mbps (for the video) and 10.08 Mbps (including video, all audio, all subpictures), should be sustainded by a standard decoder for an indefinite period of time... My position is that the simple value of the bitrate is not giving any indication about the time over wich the measure is taken...

Quote:
would it have been more preferable if i had simply told him to use search and not ask things that have been discussed before ? ...i didnt know that was such a crime.
Of course you're right... it's not a crime...
I just felt it was maybe not correct just to close in a whimsical manner an argument that is debatable (and maybe it is so debatable that in the past the discussion led to flames)... I's just a personal opinion (so it is maybe not relevant) but maybe some reference to "storic posts" would have been really much more appreciated...

SD

Last edited by Sir Didymus; 27th November 2005 at 16:52.
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Old 27th November 2005, 17:01   #8  |  Link
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when a specification GIVES a time period for a maximum bitrate to be averaged over, which the dvd specs do with the /sec
If I measure someone's time to swim 100 metres as 48 seconds, I don't state the speed as '100 metres per 48 seconds'! I state it as 2.083 metres per second.

My point is that just because the base time unit of the rate specification is one second, that does not imply that the averaging period is one second. It just means that it is the base unit conventionally used to state the rate.

Specifications are often incomplete/ambiguous. This appears to be such a case.

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Old 28th November 2005, 01:12   #9  |  Link
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Specifications are often incomplete/ambiguous. This appears to be such a case.
possibly so but then you have to take in actual experience to make a judgement upon what is both best and safest to use. yes it would be nice to have the full specs and see exactly what they say but since none of us appear to we can only go on what works and what doesnt.
in this case, as Nic has already said, following the literal meaning provides the least real life problems.

Quote:
Some of these posts have not being very nice, to say the thruth, and someones seemed really offensive
and you guys didnt even get to see some of the language used or things said in PM's.
but lets not go in to that.

Quote:
I am almost sure that many of the reported troubles were caused by the adoption of authoring applications [that have the responsibility of formatting the assets] that simply did not properly implement the STD buffer constraint.
can you guarentee that is always the case though ?
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Old 28th November 2005, 03:22   #10  |  Link
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Mr Henderson
I've been told that there is no set period or number of frames over which the 9.8Mbps bitrate limit for DVD is averaged, so that it's not possible to predict with certainty whether a spike above the limit will be a problem. All the same, I'm hoping that someone has an idea of what a typical averaging period might be - it would be very useful to know.
Also, it is important to remember with standalone DVD-Video players that this 9.8Mbps limit is with pressed or replicated discs only. Duplicated or burnt DVD-Video onto DVD+R need not apply. From reading articles from people far smarter than I, they say don't go higher than about 7Mbps with recordable DVDs.

If you are doing VBR MPEG-2 for replicated discs, then I would set the max at 9.8Mbps and then run a quality-based or VBR encode based on the footage length. There is hardly any footage that requires more than 9.8Mbps bitrate if you use a high-quality MPEG-2 encoder. From running bitrate viewer on commercial DVD-Videos the average range is anywhere from 4-6Mbps. I've hardly ever seen a commercial DVD even spike more than 8Mbps -- in fact, I don't if I've ever seen a commercial DVD-Video hit that high.
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Old 28th November 2005, 06:47   #11  |  Link
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@ bodysurf:

you mustn't have seen many discs then. if there's room, discs will be encoded at the maximum problem-free rate. for me that means 8500 mbps, CBR. of course, hollywood discs will have 4 hours of extras shoved onto them, so it isn't unheard of to see a feature encoded lower than 4500 kbps (this is far too low).

that number was arrived upon via trial and error - when spruce spat out an error the bitrate was lowered, likewise when a customer reports playback difficulties due to too-high bitrates the max rate was lowered again.

MPX3000 encoder cards don't even allow anything higher than 9600, even when "DVD compliant" is turned off (that's more a sound thing, where it allows AC3 rates higher than 448kbps).
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Old 28th November 2005, 09:43   #12  |  Link
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Quote:
Originally Posted by dragongodz
can you guarentee that is always the case though ?
Oh, no! of course not...

I have many examples (of video assets encoded at bitrates far below 7Mbps, that autored with "wrong" applications led to STD buffer infringements and playback stutters) and no counter-examples (of video assets encoded well above 9Mbps, that authored with a "good" application - assuming the authoring application reports no errors and veryfied with a STD buffer profiler - lead to perfectly smooth playback on a large set of standalones)...

Some of the examples - in some posts related to the DVD-RB development - have been also posted in the doom9 forum...

But the guarantee you ask is simply impossible to provide...
And this is the reason, after all, I fully agree it's ok to give the suggestion to apply the "strict" interpretation.

On the other hand, when the encoder is not able to apply this "strong" limitation, IMHO this is not a disaster: when a "good" authoring application is reporting no errors, that is most probably not leading to a crap.

The most relevant case is the one of CCE. The multipass VBR encodings are very well respecting minimum and maximum bitrate indications; on the other hand in one pass VBR, constant Q, the bitrate of the encoding is easily spikeing in a relevant manner - the maximum bitrate value is simply not strictly obeyed -.

Never worried too much into these circumstances...
I say again: the important is to use an authoring application which is including a robust STD buffer model in its muxing stage, and which is able to report errors generated by STD overflows. If no errors are reported, most probably the DVD will play smooth...

Most probably, of course...

Cheers,
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Old 28th November 2005, 10:10   #13  |  Link
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Bodysurf
they say don't go higher than about 7Mbps with recordable DVDs.
Completly wrong. I set most all my dvd's to max rate of 9.3Mbps. With no problems what so ever found from playback from numerous devices.
That's from experience.


Quote:
Originally Posted by Bodysurf
There is hardly any footage that requires more than 9.8Mbps bitrate if you use a high-quality MPEG-2 encoder. From running bitrate viewer on commercial DVD-Videos the average range is anywhere from 4-6Mbps. I've hardly ever seen a commercial DVD even spike more than 8Mbps -- in fact, I don't if I've ever seen a commercial DVD-Video hit that high.

Wrong, wrong, wrong.

With all due respect, you might want to base your opinions on actual experiance, rather than what "other" people say.
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Old 28th November 2005, 20:53   #14  |  Link
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Bodysurf
There is hardly any footage that requires more than 9.8Mbps bitrate if you use a high-quality MPEG-2 encoder. From running bitrate viewer on commercial DVD-Videos the average range is anywhere from 4-6Mbps. I've hardly ever seen a commercial DVD even spike more than 8Mbps -- in fact, I don't if I've ever seen a commercial DVD-Video hit that high.
Check out here:
http://www.new.dvdbeaver.com/film/DV...dvd_review.htm
Here:
http://www.new.dvdbeaver.com/film/DV..._for_fake_.htm
And here:
http://www.new.dvdbeaver.com/film/DV...videodrome.htm

I guess it really depends of the DVD production company.
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Old 2nd December 2005, 11:36   #15  |  Link
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CBR encodes will render bitrate scans less useful though... some would say inadmissible as evidence of quality.

remember that commecial DVDs use CBR when there's room. simply because:

a) it's 1-pass and maximum quality, so if there's room on the disc, do it . 1-pass is a huge huge timesaver when you're talking about the sheer number of releases some places do (my work does around 50 per month, and increasing all the time).

b) the 1-pass ratecontrol on some encoder cards is not all that good, usually CBR is a better bet, and 2-pass VBR when bitrate is less than 7000 or so.

now bitrate scans will not take padding into account when they do their thing. a 8500 kbps encode could have 5000 kbps of actual picture and 3000 kbps of padding. though a decent encoder will use all the bits it can, a clean enough source will easily "saturate" before the encoder has given it the full 8500 kbps.

this means when comparing bitrates on commercial DVDs, you may rate an 8500 DVD as "better" than a 5000 one, when all things considered they're exactly the same.

a fun thing to do in bitrateview is scan something CBR and look for the bits where the bitrate curve is completely flat (rather than oscillating about the CBR rate). these are the bits where the encoder is saturated and has to use lots of padding. you'll also see the quantizers are pegged at 1 for long periods.

[edit] btw, the criterion stuff is pretty good - good transfers in particular, but those encodes are average for high-budget titles. things would be different if these weren't 2-disc sets
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Old 4th February 2006, 21:15   #16  |  Link
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Audionut
Originally Posted by Bodysurf
they say don't go higher than about 7Mbps with recordable DVDs.


Completly wrong.
No, it's not completely wrong that that is what "they say":

http://www.customflix.com/Special/Au...tsAndBytes.jsp

[...]
In a similar vein, DVD-R and DVD+R media is subtly different from replicated media, so some players may have a harder time playing duplicated discs. By sticking to an even lower maximum bitrate of 6.5 mbps, you're giving the player the chance to re-read some sectors if needed without interrupting the video. This provides similar benefits for scratched or dirty discs, making them a bit more likely to continue playing correctly.
[...]

Procoder's manual says something similar.

http://www.signvideo.com/bt-rts.htm

[...]
While a calculator will show you the maximum bitrate you should use, it's often best to use a lower bitrate and generally-speaking, when recording to DVD-R/RW or DVD+R/RW you should keep the video bitrate below 7Mbps even if the calculator shows that you can use a higher rate. Some experts on DVD production even suggest keeping the maximum MPEG-2 bitrate at 6Mbps.
[...]

http://www.hellmanproduction.com/DVD...d-encoding.php (this place says 8Mb)

[...]
Let's say your video is only 15 minutes long, and you are thinking about encoding it at the maximum bit rate. Should you do it? The answer is NO. The maximum bit rate is not necessarily better. We suggest encoding at no higher than 8 megabits per second. Certain DVD players might not be able to handle videos that are encoded with too high of a bit rate. So higher is certainly not better.
[...]

http://72.14.207.104/search?q=cache:...s&ct=clnk&cd=3

[...]
The MPEG-2 codec allows for encoding between 1Mbps and 9.8Mbps. In practice 8Mbps is the maximum bit rate you should use, for 2 reasons ...

1. You need to allow some bandwidth for audio and subtitles
2. Some DVD-video players will struggle to decode bit rates above 8Mbps

To recap ...

1Mbps = minimum data rate allowed by DVD specification

9.8Mbps = maximum data rate allowed by DVD specification

8Mbps = maximum data rate you should use (to allow for poorly specified DVD players
[...]

http://www.creationtrek.com/DVD.htm

[...]
I have a friend who authors full-time on a Mac with DVD-Studio pro, and a $100,000+ Sonic Solutions system. He has given me lots of general advice that seems to be true, no matter what system you use, for ultimate playback compatibility.

1: He claims, for set-top players, a maximum bitrate of 7 seems to take care of almost all players.
[..]

I've read articles in DV magazine and EMedia that state the same thing.

Quote:
Originally Posted by Audionut
I set most all my dvd's to max rate of 9.3Mbps. With no problems what so ever found from playback from numerous devices.
That's from experience.
Other people's experience differ from yours.

Quote:
Originally Posted by Audionut
Wrong, wrong, wrong.

With all due respect, you might want to base your opinions on actual experiance, rather than what "other" people say.
I choose to not reinvent the wheel.

My time is too valuable for me to experiment to see what the max bitrate I can use that will work on a wide variety of players, so I choose to listen to the experience and advice of people/places I consider to be experts in the field.

Please don't be offended if I choose to follow their advice rather than that which you give.

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Old 4th February 2006, 21:29   #17  |  Link
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Mug Funky
Originally posted by Bodysurf
From running bitrate viewer on commercial DVD-Videos the average range is anywhere from 4-6Mbps. I've hardly ever seen a commercial DVD even spike more than 8Mbps -- in fact, I don't if I've ever seen a commercial DVD-Video hit that high.

you mustn't have seen many discs then. if there's room, discs will be encoded at the maximum problem-free rate. for me that means 8500 mbps, CBR. of course, hollywood discs will have 4 hours of extras shoved onto them, so it isn't unheard of to see a feature encoded lower than 4500 kbps (this is far too low).

that number was arrived upon via trial and error - when spruce spat out an error the bitrate was lowered, likewise when a customer reports playback difficulties due to too-high bitrates the max rate was lowered again.
http://www.emedialive.com/Articles/R...8309&PageNum=2

[...]
Hollywood movies, by contrast, have an average bit rate of around 3-5Mbps.
[...]

http://www.fact.co.uk/main/services/mites/dvd/faqs

[...]
Most commercial feature film DVDs are encoded at a bitrate of 4.5 - 6 Megabits per second.
[...]

http://72.14.207.104/search?q=cache:...s&ct=clnk&cd=3

[...]
5.5 - 6.5Mbps = typical commercial DVD data rates
[...]

Regardless of what some people may think, I am not just pulling these numbers out of the air.
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Old 4th February 2006, 22:02   #18  |  Link
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Mug Funky
CBR encodes will render bitrate scans less useful though... some would say inadmissible as evidence of quality.

remember that commecial DVDs use CBR when there's room. simply because:

a) it's 1-pass and maximum quality, so if there's room on the disc, do it .
I am not saying you are wrong, but your experience completely flies in the face of my experience.

First of all, I have probably a hundred commerical DVDs and I am not aware of even one of them that is CBR encoded. I don't doubt their existance, but I would expect them to be quite rare. Observing their bitrate using PowerDVD and bitrate viewer, they tend to on average to fluctuate between 4-6Mb/s and occasionally spike higher and lower than that.

Secondly, I never encode CBR even if there is plenty of room, I encode a 1 pass VBR quality-based encode at maximum quality. The benefit is it takes less room on the disk (so it burns/authors faster) while theoretically maintains the same quality as full bit-rate CBR and encoding at the same speed as CBR. In fact, I encoded 48 minutes of NSTC 29.97 D1 footage at max quality-based VBR MPEG-2 encode/192Kbps AC-3 audio and it took 1.76GB. I could have encoded the video at "9.3Mb/s" CBR MPEG-2 and really gained nothing, but perhaps even lost something in compatibility!

When there is a question of a 1-pass VBR max quality encode possibly being too big to fit on a SL DVD-R, then I go to regular VBR based encode and set the max/min bitrates depending on the footage length.

Finally, here's an interesting article.

http://www.emedialive.com/Articles/R...8309&PageNum=2

[...]
There are two modes of DVD encoding, constant bit rate (CBR), and variable bit rate (VBR). When encoding in constant bit rate mode, the level of compression difficulty or motion within the video stream is irrelevant, because the same bit rate is used throughout the entire process. So a static talking-head segment of a given video project will be compressed at the same bit rate as dynamic, high-motion scenes, which does a disservice to both and makes inefficient use of the disc's overall bit budget. Most home videos are encoded in CBR because it is quick and less complicated. (Most entry-level tools don't even include VBR encoders.) So the quality of the final product is consequently compromised. According to DVD author Richard Diercks, "No professional video should be encoded in constant bit rate (CBR), even if bandwidth is high. Our experience is that variable bit rate (VBR) always looks better."
[...]
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Old 4th February 2006, 22:47   #19  |  Link
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Mug Funky
now bitrate scans will not take padding into account when they do their thing. a 8500 kbps encode could have 5000 kbps of actual picture and 3000 kbps of padding. though a decent encoder will use all the bits it can, a clean enough source will easily "saturate" before the encoder has given it the full 8500 kbps.
As a curiosity, do you ever use custom matrices in this case? Or would that hurt the other frames in cbr mode?
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Old 5th February 2006, 01:06   #20  |  Link
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The problem with some players are the bad dvd drives they use. If the drive has problems to read a sector of the disc, the buffer may run out of data and this causes stuttering videos.
But in fact: all dvd players have to play videos with up to 9800mbps - that's what the standard says.
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