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View Full Version : Sound problem when ripping karaoke DVDs


beans
12th July 2002, 04:22
My Pioneer karaoke DVDs have two tracks (both English). The first carries just the music and the second carries the music & vocals. Using DVD2SVCD, I set the “Output mode” to “Stereo” and the following settings all to “English”:

Audio 1 Priority 1
Audio 1 Priority 2
Audio 2 Priority 1
Audio 2 Priority 2

In the Conversion tab, I select both audio tracks.

When the SVCD is complete, I end up with two sound tracks, but they are both from the 2nd track of the DVD (music & vocals). Neither track carries just the music.

--------------------------------------------------------
- 7/6/2002 7:32:16 PM
- Free on drive C: 67498.52 mb
- AUDIO Extraction
--------------------------------------------------------
Found AC3 stream id: 0x80
Filename: C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Extracted_audio_1.ac3
Found AC3 stream id: 0x81
Filename: C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Extracted_audio_2.ac3
Audio1 delay: -67 ms
Audio2 delay: -67 ms
Audio extraction finished.

--------------------------------------------------------
- 7/6/2002 7:32:27 PM
- Free on drive C: 67481.16 mb
- AUDIO conversion
--------------------------------------------------------

Converting Audio to MP2. Filename: C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Extracted_audio_1.ac3
Executing BeSweet. Commandline:
"C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\BeSweet\BeSweet.exe" -core( -input "C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Extracted_audio_1.ac3" -output "C:\PROGRA~1\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Encoded_audio_1.mp2" -logfile "C:\PROGRA~1\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Encoded_audio_1.log" ) -azid( -L -3db -c normal -g max ) -ota( -d -67 ) -2lame( -e -b 192 -m s )
Audio conversion of C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Extracted_audio_1.ac3 finished.


Converting Audio to MP2. Filename: C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Extracted_audio_2.ac3
Executing BeSweet. Commandline:
"C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\BeSweet\BeSweet.exe" -core( -input "C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Extracted_audio_2.ac3" -output "C:\PROGRA~1\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Encoded_audio_2.mp2" -logfile "C:\PROGRA~1\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Encoded_audio_2.log" ) -azid( -L -3db -c normal -g max ) -ota( -d -67 ) -2lame( -e -b 192 -m s )
Audio conversion of C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Extracted_audio_2.ac3 finished.

Audio conversion finished.

--------------------------------------------------------

Looking at the files created by DVD2SVCD, it is creating two tracks. When I listen to “Encoded_audio_1.mp2” and “Encoded_audio_2.mp2”, they are both from the 2nd track.

The only thing I’ve been able to think of is that DVD2SVCD can’t handle two DVD audio tracks with the same language.

Any help on how to fix this would be much appreciated. I could create the SVCD manually with several different programs, but DVD2SVCD is so effortless and gives me better quality (sound & video) than I’ve been able to achieve on my own.

If there are any additional files/logs that would be helpful in determining the problem, please let me know and I’ll post them.

Thanks.

UltimateDBZ
12th July 2002, 15:02
If I'm not mistaken (and you could do a search to verify this) - DVD2SVCD is known to have trouble when both Audio tracks are in English. Search for something like that, and you should find a solution. Sorry I don't have one off the top of my head ;)

beans
14th July 2002, 06:01
I've searched through the forum and read a ton of messages, but couldn't find anything that covers this issue. There is a current thread that is similar, but he is not even getting as far as having two AC3 files extracted.(here) (http://forum.doom9.org/showthread.php?s=&threadid=28968)

I've done several tests to try to isolate the problem. Basically, BeSweet is taking the demuxed AC3 files and converting them to MP2 files, but it is not converting the audio tracks I requested.

I start with the following files:

Audio1.AC3 -DVD audio track #1 (8,868K)
Audio2.AC3 -DVD audio track #2 (8,868K)

When I play the above AC3 files, I have the tracks I expect.

Using BeSweet, the AC3 files are transcoded to the following:

Audio1.MP2 (4,433K)
Audio2.MP2 (4,433K)

When I play these MP2 files, I end up with DVD audio track #2 in each file.

Based on the size of the AC3 files and the resulting MP2 files (and since BeSweet is taking the Audio1.AC3 and creating an MP2 of track #2), I'm guessing that both tracks are in each AC3 file. Media Player is able to automatically select & play the correct track when I play either AC3 file, but BeSweet is not transcoding the proper track.

I hope this makes sense. I'm relatively new to the whole process of backing up DVDs, but I've done hours & hours of reading forum posts, how-to's & FAQs. If there is any additional info I can send, please let me know.

I'd really appreciate any help you can provide. Here are some relevant log files:

DVD2SVCD_LOG.TXT
--------------------------------------------------------
- 7/6/2002 7:31:34 PM
- DVD to SVCD Conversion
- DVD2SVCD ver. 1.0.9 build 3
--------------------------------------------------------
Initializing
Initializing finished.

--------------------------------------------------------
- 7/6/2002 7:31:37 PM
- Free on drive C: 67679.39 mb
- Internal rip
--------------------------------------------------------
Preparing vobfiles to be ripped:
- F:\VIDEO_TS\VTS_10_1.vob

Ripping: F:\VIDEO_TS\VTS_10_1.vob
Ripping finished. Speed: 6605

--------------------------------------------------------
- 7/6/2002 7:32:06 PM
- DVD2AVI
--------------------------------------------------------
Creating DVD2AVI INI file:
- C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\DVD2AVI\DVD2AVI.INI

Variable settings:
iDCT_Algorithm: 32-bit SSE MMX

Executing DVD2AVI.
Executing DVD2AVI. Commandline:
"C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\DVD2AVI\DVD2AVI.exe" -CS=2 -YR=1 -EXIT -OF=[C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\Movie\DVD2AVI_Project_file] -IF=[C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\Movie\VTS_10_1.vob]
Analyzing DVD2AVI Project file
Hybrid Film activated. IVTC will be applied and will slow down the entire process!
Framerate: 29970
DVD2AVI processing done.

--------------------------------------------------------
- 7/6/2002 7:32:16 PM
- Free on drive C: 67498.52 mb
- AUDIO Extraction
--------------------------------------------------------
Found AC3 stream id: 0x80
Filename: C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Extracted_audio_1.ac3
Found AC3 stream id: 0x81
Filename: C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Extracted_audio_2.ac3
Audio1 delay: -67 ms
Audio2 delay: -67 ms
Audio extraction finished.

--------------------------------------------------------
- 7/6/2002 7:32:27 PM
- Free on drive C: 67481.16 mb
- AUDIO conversion
--------------------------------------------------------

Converting Audio to MP2. Filename: C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Extracted_audio_1.ac3
Executing BeSweet. Commandline:
"C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\BeSweet\BeSweet.exe" -core( -input "C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Extracted_audio_1.ac3" -output "C:\PROGRA~1\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Encoded_audio_1.mp2" -logfile "C:\PROGRA~1\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Encoded_audio_1.log" ) -azid( -L -3db -c normal -g max ) -ota( -d -67 ) -2lame( -e -b 192 -m s )
Audio conversion of C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Extracted_audio_1.ac3 finished.


Converting Audio to MP2. Filename: C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Extracted_audio_2.ac3
Executing BeSweet. Commandline:
"C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\BeSweet\BeSweet.exe" -core( -input "C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Extracted_audio_2.ac3" -output "C:\PROGRA~1\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Encoded_audio_2.mp2" -logfile "C:\PROGRA~1\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Encoded_audio_2.log" ) -azid( -L -3db -c normal -g max ) -ota( -d -67 ) -2lame( -e -b 192 -m s )
Audio conversion of C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Extracted_audio_2.ac3 finished.

Audio conversion finished.

--------------------------------------------------------
- 7/6/2002 7:33:32 PM
- Free on drive C: 67472.13 mb
- Video Encoding using TMPGEnc
--------------------------------------------------------
- Encoding C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\Movie\AviSynth_Script_file.avs
StreamSectors: 771537788
AudioSectors: 9537696
VideoPAPO: 11803788
ScanOffsetBytes: 4079
SeqAligningBytes: 259230
DVDBytes: 0
VideoEndHeader: 4
SubtitleSectors: 0
EmptySectors: 238.00
PictureSectors: 0.00
PureMPEGStream: 749932990.80
Seconds: 196.02
CalcMPEGStream: 749932990.80
Frames: 4532
CDSize: 740.00
Cut point 736.00
Aspect Ratio: 4:3 (No borders, encoded as 4:3)

---AVS Begin---
LoadPlugin("C:\PROGRA~1\DVD2SVCD\SIMPLE~1\SIMPLE~1.DLL")
LoadPlugin("C:\PROGRA~1\DVD2SVCD\MPEG2Dec\mpeg2dec.dll")
LoadPlugin("C:\PROGRA~1\DVD2SVCD\INVERS~1\DONALD~1\decomb.dll")
mpeg2source("C:\PROGRA~1\DVD2SVCD\Movie\DVD2AV~1.D2V")
Telecide()
Decimate(5)
SimpleResize(480,480)
----AVS End----

Executing TMPGEnc. Commandline:
"H:\Temp\Extract\TMPGEnc\TMPGEnc.exe" "C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\Movie\TMPGEnc_Project_file.tpr" /Encode /Close
Video Encoding finished.

--------------------------------------------------------
- 7/6/2002 8:25:47 PM
- Free on drive C: 67421.30 mb
- Converting Pictures from ES to PS
--------------------------------------------------------
Saving bbMPEG settings: C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\bbMPEG\default.ini
--------------------------------------------------------
- 7/6/2002 8:25:49 PM
- Free on drive C: 67421.28 mb
- Converting Pictures from ES to PS
--------------------------------------------------------
Saving bbMPEG settings: C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\bbMPEG\default.ini
--------------------------------------------------------
- 7/6/2002 8:25:52 PM
- Free on drive C: 67421.28 mb
- Multiplexing and cutting
--------------------------------------------------------
Saving bbMPEG settings: C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\bbMPEG\default.ini
Offset in Seconds: 0
Executing bbMPEG.
Variable Settings:
Movie offset: 0 seconds
Cut point: 736 mb

Executing RunbbMPEG. Commandline:
"C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\bbMPEG\RunbbMPEG.exe" "C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\Movie\bbMPEG_Muxed_File.mpg"
Multiplexing and cutting finished.

CD-Image creation finished.

--------------------------------------------------------
- 7/6/2002 8:26:04 PM
- Free on drive C: 67361.33 mb
- SVCD Creation finished!
--------------------------------------------------------



ENCODED_AUDIO_1.LOG
BeSweet v1.4b12 by DSPguru.
--------------------------
Using azid.dll v1.8 (b825) by Midas (midas@egon.gyaloglo.hu).
Using MP2enc.dll v1.129 (23/5/2002), Engine 1.129 <http://www.cdex.n3.net>.

Logging start : 07/06/02 , 19:32:31.

C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\BeSweet\BeSweet.exe -core( -input C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Extracted_audio_1.ac3 -output C:\PROGRA~1\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Encoded_audio_1.mp2 -logfile C:\PROGRA~1\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Encoded_audio_1.log ) -azid( -L -3db -c normal -g max ) -ota( -d -67 ) -2lame( -e -b 192 -m s )

[00:00:00:000] +------- BeSweet -----
[00:00:00:000] | Input : C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Extracted_audio_1.ac3
[00:00:00:000] | Output: C:\PROGRA~1\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Encoded_audio_1.mp2
[00:00:00:000] | Floating-Point Process: Yes
[00:00:00:-67] +-------- AZID -------
[00:00:00:-67] | Output Stereo mode: Dolby surround compatible
[00:00:00:-67] | Total Gain: 7.9dB, Compression: Normal
[00:00:00:-67] | LFE levels: To LR -3.0dB, To LFE 0.0dB
[00:00:00:-67] | Center mix level: BSI
[00:00:00:-67] | Surround mix level: BSI
[00:00:00:-67] | Dialog normalization: No
[00:00:00:-67] | Rear channels filtering: No
[00:00:00:-67] | Source Sample-Rate: 48.0KHz
[00:00:00:-67] +------- MP2ENC ------
[00:00:00:-67] | Bitrate method : CBR
[00:00:00:-67] | MP2 bitrate : 192
[00:00:00:-67] | Channels Mode : Stereo
[00:00:00:-67] | Error Protection: Yes
[00:00:00:-67] +---------------------
[00:03:09:053] Conversion Completed !
[00:03:09:053] Actual Avg. Bitrate : 192kbps
[00:00:28:000] <-- Transcoding Duration
Logging ends : 07/06/02 , 19:32:59.



ENCODED_AUDIO_2.LOG
BeSweet v1.4b12 by DSPguru.
--------------------------
Using azid.dll v1.8 (b825) by Midas (midas@egon.gyaloglo.hu).
Using MP2enc.dll v1.129 (23/5/2002), Engine 1.129 <http://www.cdex.n3.net>.

Logging start : 07/06/02 , 19:33:02.

C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\BeSweet\BeSweet.exe -core( -input C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Extracted_audio_2.ac3 -output C:\PROGRA~1\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Encoded_audio_2.mp2 -logfile C:\PROGRA~1\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Encoded_audio_2.log ) -azid( -L -3db -c normal -g max ) -ota( -d -67 ) -2lame( -e -b 192 -m s )

[00:00:00:000] +------- BeSweet -----
[00:00:00:000] | Input : C:\Program Files\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Extracted_audio_2.ac3
[00:00:00:000] | Output: C:\PROGRA~1\DVD2SVCD\Movie\Encoded_audio_2.mp2
[00:00:00:000] | Floating-Point Process: Yes
[00:00:00:-67] +-------- AZID -------
[00:00:00:-67] | Output Stereo mode: Dolby surround compatible
[00:00:00:-67] | Total Gain: 8.0dB, Compression: Normal
[00:00:00:-67] | LFE levels: To LR -3.0dB, To LFE 0.0dB
[00:00:00:-67] | Center mix level: BSI
[00:00:00:-67] | Surround mix level: BSI
[00:00:00:-67] | Dialog normalization: No
[00:00:00:-67] | Rear channels filtering: No
[00:00:00:-67] | Source Sample-Rate: 48.0KHz
[00:00:00:-67] +------- MP2ENC ------
[00:00:00:-67] | Bitrate method : CBR
[00:00:00:-67] | MP2 bitrate : 192
[00:00:00:-67] | Channels Mode : Stereo
[00:00:00:-67] | Error Protection: Yes
[00:00:00:-67] +---------------------
[00:03:09:053] Conversion Completed !
[00:03:09:053] Actual Avg. Bitrate : 192kbps
[00:00:27:000] <-- Transcoding Duration
Logging ends : 07/06/02 , 19:33:29.

UltimateDBZ
14th July 2002, 16:53
Like I said, DVD2SVCD tends to have trouble when both audio streams are in the same language. I don't know how to fix it though, but I'm sure DSPGuru could give you a workaround if he sees this topic...

DSPguru
14th July 2002, 17:04
hi beans,
to avoid confusion -
BeSweet doesn't select the stream of the AC3 when the source is AC3. it just can't.
BeSweet will take an AC3 stream and transcode it into MP2, it can't pick a wrong stream. it doesn't control it.
so, either the streams were wrongly demuxed (extracted from dvd), or either there's a confusion in managing the files on your hard-disk.

an alternative solution would be to use BeSweet to transcode the VOB into mp2. firstly with -substream 0x80, and then with -substream 0x81 (or whatever).
then you can be sure, you'll have different streams.


p.s.
make sure to download VOBInput.dll (http://besweet.notrace.dk/effects.html).

and please use latest build of BeSweet (1.4RC2 so far).

beans
15th July 2002, 04:28
Thanks for the idea of using BeSweet to do the demux, but that didn't work either. I did both substream 0x80 and substream 0x81 separately, but I ended up with the same audio in each MP2 file. The log files are below.

I know that there are two separate audio tracks because I can get them using DVD2AVI (select track 1 & process then select track 2 & process). Unfortunately, DVD2AVI does not give me the same quality as BeSweet and it does not work directly with DVD2SVCD.

DSPguru - If you'd be willing to take a look at them and you think it would be helpful in diagnosing the problem, I'd love to send you the two AC3 files from the DVD tracks (8.9MB each). They play the proper tracks, but BeSweet won't transcode them properly.

Here are the BeSweet logs for track 1 and track 2:

BeSweet v1.4RC2 by DSPguru.
--------------------------
Using azid.dll v1.8 (b825) by Midas (midas@egon.gyaloglo.hu).
Using hip.dll v1.1 by Myers Carpenter <myers@users.sf.net>
Using VOBInput.dll v1.2 by DVD2SVCD (http://www.notrace.dk)
Using MP2enc.dll v1.129 (23/5/2002), Engine 1.129 <http://www.cdex.n3.net>.

Logging start : 07/14/02 , 19:57:09.

h:\Temp\Extract\DVD to VCD stuff\BeSweet\BeSweet.exe -core( -input f:\VIDEO_TS\VTS_10_1.vob -output C:\test80.mp2 -substream 0x80 -logfile H:\Temp\Extract\DVD to VCD stuff\BeSweet\BeSweet80.log ) -azid( -s surround -c light -L -3db --maximize ) -2lame( -m j -b 192 -e )

[00:00:00:000] +------- BeSweet -----
[00:00:00:000] | Input : f:\VIDEO_TS\VTS_10_1.vob
[00:00:00:000] | Output: C:\test80.mp2
[00:00:00:000] | Substream ID: 0x80
[00:00:00:000] | Floating-Point Process: Yes
[00:00:00:000] | A/V Delay found : -67msec
[00:00:00:000] +-------- AZID -------
[00:00:00:000] | Output Stereo mode: Dolby surround compatible
[00:00:00:000] | Total Gain: 7.9dB, Compression: Light
[00:00:00:000] | LFE levels: To LR -3.0dB, To LFE 0.0dB
[00:00:00:000] | Center mix level: BSI
[00:00:00:000] | Surround mix level: BSI
[00:00:00:000] | Dialog normalization: No
[00:00:00:000] | Rear channels filtering: No
[00:00:00:000] | Source Sample-Rate: 48.0KHz
[00:00:00:000] +------- MP2ENC ------
[00:00:00:000] | Bitrate method : CBR
[00:00:00:000] | MP2 bitrate : 192
[00:00:00:000] | Channels Mode : Joint Stereo
[00:00:00:000] | Error Protection: Yes
[00:00:00:000] +---------------------
[00:03:09:120] Conversion Completed !
[00:03:09:120] Actual Avg. Bitrate : 192kbps
[00:00:45:000] <-- Transcoding Duration
Logging ends : 07/14/02 , 19:57:54.



BeSweet v1.4RC2 by DSPguru.
--------------------------
Using azid.dll v1.8 (b825) by Midas (midas@egon.gyaloglo.hu).
Using hip.dll v1.1 by Myers Carpenter <myers@users.sf.net>
Using VOBInput.dll v1.2 by DVD2SVCD (http://www.notrace.dk)
Using MP2enc.dll v1.129 (23/5/2002), Engine 1.129 <http://www.cdex.n3.net>.

Logging start : 07/14/02 , 19:59:50.

h:\Temp\Extract\DVD to VCD stuff\BeSweet\BeSweet.exe -core( -input f:\VIDEO_TS\VTS_10_1.vob -output C:\test81.mp2 -substream 0x81 -logfile H:\Temp\Extract\DVD to VCD stuff\BeSweet\BeSweet81.log ) -azid( -s surround -c light -L -3db --maximize ) -2lame( -m j -b 192 -e )

[00:00:00:000] +------- BeSweet -----
[00:00:00:000] | Input : f:\VIDEO_TS\VTS_10_1.vob
[00:00:00:000] | Output: C:\test81.mp2
[00:00:00:000] | Substream ID: 0x81
[00:00:00:000] | Floating-Point Process: Yes
[00:00:00:000] | A/V Delay found : -67msec
[00:00:00:000] +-------- AZID -------
[00:00:00:000] | Output Stereo mode: Dolby surround compatible
[00:00:00:000] | Total Gain: 8.0dB, Compression: Light
[00:00:00:000] | LFE levels: To LR -3.0dB, To LFE 0.0dB
[00:00:00:000] | Center mix level: BSI
[00:00:00:000] | Surround mix level: BSI
[00:00:00:000] | Dialog normalization: No
[00:00:00:000] | Rear channels filtering: No
[00:00:00:000] | Source Sample-Rate: 48.0KHz
[00:00:00:000] +------- MP2ENC ------
[00:00:00:000] | Bitrate method : CBR
[00:00:00:000] | MP2 bitrate : 192
[00:00:00:000] | Channels Mode : Joint Stereo
[00:00:00:000] | Error Protection: Yes
[00:00:00:000] +---------------------
[00:03:09:120] Conversion Completed !
[00:03:09:120] Actual Avg. Bitrate : 192kbps
[00:00:37:000] <-- Transcoding Duration
Logging ends : 07/14/02 , 20:00:27.

DSPguru
15th July 2002, 05:57
BeSweet found different gain values (7.9db vs 8db) for those streams, so i conclude they're different.

DSPguru
15th July 2002, 05:58
Originally posted by beans
DSPguru - If you'd be willing to take a look at them and you think it would be helpful in diagnosing the problem, I'd love to send you the two AC3 files from the DVD tracks (8.9MB each). They play the proper tracks, but BeSweet won't transcode them properly.i don't have 9mb of mailspace..
could you upload them someplace.. ?

beans
15th July 2002, 07:39
Originally posted by DSPguru
i don't have 9mb of mailspace..
could you upload them someplace.. ?
You should be able to download the AC3 file here: FILE (http://home.pacbell.net/sbean/test2_AC3_T01_3_1ch_384Kbps_DELAY_-66ms.ac3)

This file is demuxed from track #1 of the VOB. It is the primary music file (few vocals). You can confirm this by directly playing the AC3 file before transcoding.

Using BeSweet to transcode into a MP2, I'm getting the data from track #2 (music & complete vocals). I've demuxed the AC3 from the VOB using BeSweet, SmartRipper & DVD2AVI, but always the same result upon transcoding with BeSweet.

Let me know if you have any problem getting the file.

Thanks.

DSPguru
15th July 2002, 22:02
what a cool track, beans :D !
well, i analyzed your track...

it holds the background band in channels left&right, and includes the lead singer in the rear channels (left & right).
when you used media player to playback your track, you only heard left+right without the vocals, but when you used BeSweet, it downmixed the vocals into l+r by asserting the dolby surround algorithm :).

to solve your "problem", replace "-s surround" in the -azid() section into "-s stereo".
this would avoid mixing the lead singer into the bands music.

hehe.
that was fun :cool: !

beans
15th July 2002, 23:37
This worked perfectly. I just transcoded both tracks and got exactly what I need. Thanks.

Now, any way to apply this setting from within DVD2SVCD?

beans
15th July 2002, 23:55
Never mind, I found it. I replied too quickly in all the excitement. :o

I didn't realize there was a dropdown box next to the besweet.exe input files in DVD2SVCD.

Thanks so much for your help.

DSPguru
16th July 2002, 05:44
Originally posted by beans
Thanks so much for your help. it was a real pleasure.. :D