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Old 9th June 2006, 13:34   #1  |  Link
zmi
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A script for timecode-based VFR mp4

I've made a script and executable to make a VFR mp4 from mkv timecode file.

It can download from rapidshare.
http://sidheog.org/Documents/tc2mp4_20070124.rar

password: doom9.org

Last edited by zmi; 12th March 2007 at 17:44. Reason: update script.
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Old 9th June 2006, 13:35   #2  |  Link
zmi
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Description

Code:
Merge timecode into mp4

requirement:
  avisynth with TIVTC plug-in
  x264
  mp4box

usage:
  tc2mp4 -i [source CFR-mp4] -t [timecode file] -o [destination VFR-mp4] [-k] [-n TrackNumber]

example:
  1. Prepare CFR-mp4 and timecode format v1/v2 file.
     - You can use AVISynth script like below.
       :example.avs:
         DGDecode_mpeg2source("example.d2v")
         tfm(d2v="example.d2v").tdecimate(mode=3,hybrid=2,vfrDec=1,mkvOut="example_timecode.txt")

     - Encode.
       x264 --output example.mp4 example.avs

  2. Merge timecode into mp4
     tc2mp4 -i example.mp4 -t example_timecode.txt -o example_vfr.mp4

  3. Merge audio into mp4
     mp4box -add example.aac example_vfr.mp4


2006/06/09 First release
2007/01/24 Support directory which name contains space.
           Add -n flag to specify track number to extract.
           Add -k flag to keep modified nhml file.

Last edited by zmi; 12th March 2007 at 17:45. Reason: update script.
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Old 9th June 2006, 13:38   #3  |  Link
zmi
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Perl script

Code:
#!/usr/bin/perl
# author: zmi
# version: 01/24/2007
# info: http://d.hatena.ne.jp/zmi/ (japanese)
# info: http://forum.doom9.org/showthread.php?t=112199 (english)

use Getopt::Std;
use Math::BigInt;
use File::Basename;

$usage = <<USAGE
tc2mp4 (01/24/2007)
usage: tc2mp4 -i InputFile -o OutputFile -t TimecodeFile [-k] [-n TrackNumber]
USAGE
;

getopts('i:t:o:n:kh');

die $usage if $opt_h;
$srcMP4 = $opt_i or die $usage;
$dstMP4 = $opt_o or die $usage;
$srcTC = $opt_t or die $usage;
$number = ($opt_n or 1);
$keep = $opt_k;
@extlist = ('\.mp4','\.m4v');
($basename, $dir) = fileparse($opt_i, @extlist);
$srcNHML = "${dir}${basename}_track$number.nhml";
$tcNHML = "${dir}${basename}_track$number_tc.nhml";

doCmd("mp4box -nhml $number \"$srcMP4\"");

$tcfv = detectTCFVersion($srcTC);

print "[Timecode info]\n";
print "  Timecode format(v$tcfv)\n";

if($tcfv == 1){
    @timescales = parseTimecodeV1($srcTC);

    $ntsc = detectNTSC($srcTC);
    
    for($frame = 0; $frame < @timescales; $frame++){
	$factors{$timescales[$frame]}++;
    }
    
    $lcmTimescale = Math::BigInt::blcm(keys %factors);
    
    # generate CTS from timecode
    @cts = toCTS(\@timescales, $lcmTimescale, $ntsc);

    print "  Total frames(".@cts."), LCM Timescale($lcmTimescale)\n";
    print "  " . ($ntsc ? 'NTSC, ' : '') ."Factors(" . join('/',sort keys %factors) . ")\n";
}elsif($tcfv == 2){
    $lcmTimescale = 1000000;
    @cts = parseTimecodeV2($srcTC);

    print "  Total frames(".@cts."), Timescale($lcmTimescale)\n";
}
    
# read Timebase from source nhml
$timebase = readTimebase($srcNHML);

print "[NHML info]\n";
print "  Timebase($timebase)\n";

applyTimecode($srcNHML, $tcNHML, $timebase, \@cts);

doCmd("mp4box -add \"$tcNHML\" -new \"$dstMP4\"");

unlink("$srcNHML");
unlink("$tcNHML") unless $keep;
unlink("${basename}_track$number.info","${dir}${basename}_track$number.media");

doCmd("mp4box -info \"$dstMP4\"");

print "Completed.\n";
exit 0;

sub doCmd{
    my $cmd = shift @_;
    print "$cmd\n";
    system($cmd) and die $!;
}

sub applyTimecode{
    my $srcNHML = shift @_;
    my $tcNHML = shift @_;
    my $timebase = shift @_;
    my @cts = @{shift @_};

    my $dtsFrame = 0,$dts;
    my $ctsFrame,$ctsOffset,$cts;
    my $delayFrame,$delayTC;

    open SRC_NHML, "<$srcNHML" or die $!;
    open TC_NHML, ">$tcNHML" or die $!;

    while(<SRC_NHML>){
	s/timeScale="\d+"/timeScale="$lcmTimescale"/ if(/<NHNTStream.*?>/);
	
	((print TC_NHML), next) unless /<NHNTSample.*\/>/;
	
	next unless $dtsFrame < @cts;
	
	/CTSOffset="(\d+)"/;
	$ctsOffset = ($1 or 0);
	
	$ctsFrame = $dtsFrame + int($ctsOffset / $timebase + 0.5);
	
	if($dtsFrame == 0){
	    $delayFrame = $ctsFrame;
	    $delayTC =  $cts[$delayFrame];
	    print "[Delay]\n";
	    print "  Frames($delayFrame), Timecode($delayTC) Milliseconds(" . ($delayTC * 1000 / $lcmTimescale) . ")\n";
	}
	
	if($dtsFrame < $delayFrame){
	    $dts = $cts[$dtsFrame];
	    $cts = $cts[$ctsFrame];
	}else{
	    $dts = $cts[$dtsFrame - $delayFrame] + $delayTC;
	    $cts = $cts[$ctsFrame - $delayFrame] + $delayTC;
	}
	$ctsOffset = $cts - $dts;

	s/DTS="\d+"/DTS="$dts"/;
	s/CTSOffset="\d+"/CTSOffset="$ctsOffset"/;
	s/(dataLength="\d+")/$1 CTSOffset="$ctsOffset"/ if $ctsOffset == 0; # hack for mp4box's bug
	print TC_NHML;
	
	$dtsFrame++;
    }

    close SRC_NHML;
    close TC_NHML;
}

sub toCTS{
    my @timescales = @{shift @_};
    my $lcmTimescale = shift @_;
    my $ntsc = shift @_;
    my @cts, $frame, $duration;
    my $step = $ntsc ? 1001 : 1000;
        
    $cts[0] = 0;
    for($frame = 1; $frame < @timescales; $frame++){
	$duration = ($lcmTimescale / $timescales[$frame -1]) * $step;
	$cts[$frame] = $cts[$frame -1] + $duration;
    }
    return @cts;
}

sub readTimebase{
    my $nhmlFile = shift @_;
    my @dts;
    my $timebase;
    my $count = 0;

    open NHML, "<$nhmlFile" or die $!;
    while(<NHML>){
	next unless /<NHNTSample.*DTS="(\d+)".*\/>/;
	$dts[$count] = $1;
	last if (++$count >= 10);
    }
    close NHML;
    
    $timebase = $dts[1] - $dts[0];
    $avgTimebase = ($dts[$count - 1] - $dts[0]) / ($count - 1);

    die "Input file is not CFR." if ($timebase != $avgTimebase);
    return $timebase;
}

sub toTimescale{
    my $fps = shift @_;
    my $timescale = int($fps * 1.001 + 0.5) * 1000;
    return $timescale;
}

sub detectTCFVersion{
    my $timecodeFile = shift @_;
    my $tcfv;

    open TC, "<$timecodeFile" or die $!;
    while(<TC>){
	next unless /^\#\s+timecode format v([1-2])/;
	$tcfv = $1;
    }
    close TC;

    defined $tcfv or die "Only timecode format v1/v2 is supported.";
    return $tcfv;
}

sub detectNTSC{
    my $timecodeFile = shift @_;
    my $assume;

    open TC, "<$timecodeFile" or die $!;
    while(<TC>){
	next if /^\#/;
	next unless /^Assume ([0-9.]+)/;
	$assume = $1;
    }
    close TC;

    if(toTimescale($assume) == $assume * 1000){
	return 0;
    }else{
	return 1;
    }
}

sub parseTimecodeV1{
    my $timecodeFile = shift @_;
    my $ntsc = shift @_;

    my @timescale;
    my $assume;
    my $begin,$end,$last,$fps;
    my $frame = 0;

    open TC, "<$timecodeFile" or die $!;
    
    while(<TC>){
	($last = $1, next)
	    if /^\# TDecimate Mode.*Last Frame = (\d+)/;
	
	next if /^\#/;
	
	($assume = $1, next)
	    if /^Assume ([0-9.]+)/;
	
	next unless /(\d+),(\d+),([\d.]+)/;
	
	($begin, $end, $fps) = ($1, $2, $3);
	
	for($frame; $frame < $begin; $frame++){
	    $timescale[$frame] = toTimescale($assume);
	}
	
	for($frame = $begin; $frame <= $end; $frame++){
	    $timescale[$frame] = toTimescale($fps);
	}
    }
    for(;$frame <= $last; $frame++){
	$timescale[$frame] = toTimescale($assume);
    }
    close TC;

    $ntsc = 1111;
    
    return @timescale;
}

sub parseTimecodeV2{
    my $timecodeFile = shift @_;

    my @cts;
    my $frame = 0;

    open TC, "<$timecodeFile" or die $!;
    while(<TC>){
	next if /^\#/;
	next unless /([\d.]+)/;
	
	$cts[$frame++] = int($1 * 1000 + 0.5);
    }
    close TC;
    
    return @cts;
}

Last edited by zmi; 12th March 2007 at 17:47. Reason: update script.
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Old 10th June 2006, 14:28   #4  |  Link
bond
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whats the password for the archive?

edit: and how does tc2mp4 work? does it overwrite the stts info in the mp4 file? is it reliable to use on all sorts of mp4 files (eg with 64bit times?)
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Last edited by bond; 10th June 2006 at 14:38.
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Old 10th June 2006, 15:34   #5  |  Link
zmi
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Sorry, password for the archive is "doom9.org".

tc2mp4 overwrites the stts thru nhml (xml style nhnt format extracted by mp4box).
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Old 10th June 2006, 15:49   #6  |  Link
bond
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Quote:
Originally Posted by zmi
Sorry, password for the archive is "doom9.org".
thx

Quote:
tc2mp4 overwrites the stts thru nhml (xml style nhnt format extracted by mp4box).
so it creates a nhml file and feeds this mp4box with and mp4box uses it for creating the vfr stts? (so being basically a mkvtimecode file -> nhml converter?)
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Last edited by bond; 10th June 2006 at 17:49.
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Old 10th June 2006, 16:12   #7  |  Link
Zero1
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Good work, I'm gonna try this right now

Thanks
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Old 10th June 2006, 17:50   #8  |  Link
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Quote:
Originally Posted by bond
so it creates a nhml file and feeds this mp4box with and mp4box uses it for creating the vfr stts? (so being basically a mkvtimecode file -> nhml converter?)
yep, seems so

damn, didnt realise that mp4box already supports vfr file creation that way, but it again prooves that mp4box is damn powerful
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Old 10th June 2006, 18:39   #9  |  Link
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zmi, shouldnt the vfr file have exactly the same length timewise as the source cfr file? the vfr file i get is shorter (20s vs. 16.616s)

also how do you drop the not needed, duplicate frames?
i wonder why x264 outputs a 500 frames output file when using the avs script you described above (tdecimate). shouldnt avisynth drop the frames?

also my timecode file looks like this
Code:
# timecode format v1
Assume 25.000000
# TDecimate v0.9.12.1 by tritical
# Mode 3 - Auto-generated mkv timecodes file
0,3,20.000000
369,404,20.000000
the cfr file i have has 500 frames, the vfr has 405? how do i see that 95 frames will be dropped from the timecode file?
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Old 10th June 2006, 22:20   #10  |  Link
foxyshadis
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They'll only have the same length (timewise) if the cfr output was set to the average framerate, as described on the vfr page. Next version of TDec may do that automatically, as it keeps bitrate calculators happier as well.

Thanks for providing such a useful tool! Automated vfr in mp4 is nice. Since this is modifying the atoms, does that mean it could do v2 timecodes as well, once a parser is written? (At first I thought it was just splitting and joining the mp4 on each timecode entry!)

Last edited by foxyshadis; 10th June 2006 at 22:24.
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Old 11th June 2006, 04:07   #11  |  Link
MeteorRain
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Quote:
Originally Posted by foxyshadis
Since this is modifying the atoms, does that mean it could do v2 timecodes as well, once a parser is written?
it should do. what we need is a timecode v2 -> timecode v1 converter.
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Old 11th June 2006, 11:50   #12  |  Link
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Quote:
Thanks for providing such a useful tool! Automated vfr in mp4 is nice. Since this is modifying the atoms, does that mean it could do v2 timecodes as well, once a parser is written? (At first I thought it was just splitting and joining the mp4 on each timecode entry!)
Quote:
Originally Posted by MeteorRain
it should do. what we need is a timecode v2 -> timecode v1 converter.
afaik the script doesnt edit the atoms or the mp4

afaik it does the following:
1) use mp4box to create a .nhml file containing the timestamps of the source mp4 file (dts)
2) edit the timestamps in the .nhml file according to the info in the timecode file
3) feed this new .nhml file to mp4box, which then creates a new mp4 with the new timestamps

so the script is basically using an option of mp4box already being here for long but noone realised it
i think the .nhml files can be seen as an equivalent to the mkv timecode files

so what we need (and have here) is a "mkv style timecode file" -> "mp4box style timecode file" converter
or tdecimate/dedup to offer the option to output .nhml files directly
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Old 11th June 2006, 14:36   #13  |  Link
Zero1
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An MKV timecodes v2 > v1 converter/script would be very useful (or v2 input > nhml would be even better). In the file I was going to experiment with I can only extract it as a v2 file, and AFAIK there aren't any such tools to convert it (also I believe mkvextract will only extract to v2 anyway). Well maybe there is, but I couldn't find any.

Would/have you thought about submitting this for inclusion in mp4box?
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Old 11th June 2006, 14:41   #14  |  Link
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the script seems to be slightly inaccurate, because of the way it chooses the timescale
on a ~25fps stream it used a timescale of 2600000, leading to funky dts values for the frames and introducing rounding errors i think, giving the normal frames a length of 40.04 instead of 40ms
(i also noticed that an inaccuracy is also introduced by the structure of the v1 timecode files when dealing with things like 1/3 aso)

i also noticed that it seems to have problems sometimes with the dts value for the last frame (giving it a negative value, which is not allowed and surely a bug)

edit:
Quote:
Originally Posted by Zero1
An MKV timecodes v2 > v1 converter/script would be very useful (or v2 input > nhml would be even better). In the file I was going to experiment with I can only extract it as a v2 file, and AFAIK there aren't any such tools to convert it (also I believe mkvextract will only extract to v2 anyway). Well maybe there is, but I couldn't find any.
http://www.animereactor.dk/mkv/
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Old 11th June 2006, 14:51   #15  |  Link
Zero1
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Thanks bond, I just this minute saw that posted in #darkhold, tried it out and both the conversion and tc2mp4 work perfectly
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Old 11th June 2006, 14:56   #16  |  Link
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Zero1
Thanks bond, I just this minute saw that posted in #darkhold, tried it out and both the conversion and tc2mp4 work perfectly
did it choose the right timescale for you? does your vfr file have the 100% correct length?
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Old 11th June 2006, 15:22   #17  |  Link
Zero1
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Seems not. I don't have the CFR source to hand, but the VFR MKV is 27:01, and this turns out to be 28:31. You can go to around the 26:50 mark and hear the ending of the audio, it finishes as it should at 27:01 (or around there) but the video continues.

I wonder if it's caused by converting V2 > V1. Can anyone try this with an original (not converted) V1 timecode?

There isn't anything too odd about this video, but the decimation was pretty agressive and it was a very static CG anime (a combination of wanting to see how small I could get a file, it was viewable at 33MB if anyone is interested ), much more agressive than I would use normally, so this might exaggerate the problem, rather than it being off by a few seconds with some light decimation.

Here is the output from tc2mp4 anyway

Code:
C:\Documents and Settings\Michael\Desktop\tc2mp4>tc2mp4.exe -i Track2.mp4 -t tim
ev1.txt -o Track2vfr.mp4
mp4box -nhml 1 Track2.mp4
[Timecode info]
  Total frames(16178), LCM Timescale(120000), Factors(1000/12000/2000/24000/3000
/4000/5000/6000/8000)
[NHML info]
  Timebase(1001)
[Delay]
  Frames(2), Timecode(10010)
mp4box -add Track2_track1_tc.nhml -new Track2vfr.mp4
NHML import - Stream Type Visual - ObjectTypeIndication 0x21
Saving Track2vfr.mp4: 0.500 secs Interleaving
mp4box -info Track2vfr.mp4
* Movie Info *
        Timescale 600 - Duration 00:28:31.968
        Fragmented File no - 1 track(s)
        File Brand isom - version 1
        Created: GMT Sun Jun 11 13:49:58 2006

File has no MPEG4 IOD/OD

Track # 1 Info - TrackID 1 - TimeScale 120000 - Duration 00:28:31.968
Media Info: Language "Undetermined" - Type "vide" - Sub Type "avc1" - 16178 samp
les
MPEG-4 Config: Visual Stream - ObjectTypeIndication 0x21
AVC/H264 Video - Visual Size 480 x 352 - Profile High @ Level 5.1
Pixel Aspect Ratio 4:3 - Indicated track size 640 x 352
Self-synchronized

Completed.
Edit
I should drop in that the maximum possible framerate at any one time would have been 23.976 (the source was constant 23.976 and I decimated redundant frames to save a little space)

Last edited by Zero1; 11th June 2006 at 15:24.
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Old 12th June 2006, 19:12   #18  |  Link
zmi
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Updated tc2mp4.
http://rapidshare.de/files/22887498/...60613.rar.html

- Added timecode format v2 support.
- Improved accuracy for non-NTSC movie.

Last edited by zmi; 12th June 2006 at 19:16.
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Old 12th June 2006, 22:48   #19  |  Link
Zero1
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Great work zmi.

I just tested this and can report some interesting things.

I used the v2 timecode extracted from my original MKV and tc2mp4 created the vfr mp4 from it, and it was exactly the correct duration.

So what about the test that I did in the previous post? Well that was a v1 timecode created from a v2 timecode (using the tool bond linked too). I muxed using this v1 timecode and I got the wrong duration again.

So I conclude that tc2mp4 was right, but the program that converted the v2 > v1 was doing something weird.

Here is the output using the updated tc2mp4 for the v1 timecode file created by converting the v2 file using the program bond linked to:
Code:
C:\Documents and Settings\Michael\Desktop\tc2mp4>tc2mp4.exe -i Track2.mp4 -t Tim
ev1.txt -o 2.mp4
mp4box -nhml 1 Track2.mp4
[Timecode info]
  Timecode format(v1)
  Total frames(16178), LCM Timescale(120000)
  Factors(1000/12000/2000/24000/3000/4000/5000/6000/8000)
[NHML info]
  Timebase(1001)
[Delay]
  Frames(2), Timecode(10000)
mp4box -add Track2_track1_tc.nhml -new 2.mp4
NHML import - Stream Type Visual - ObjectTypeIndication 0x21
Saving 2.mp4: 0.500 secs Interleaving
mp4box -info 2.mp4
* Movie Info *
        Timescale 600 - Duration 00:28:30.258
        Fragmented File no - 1 track(s)
        File Brand isom - version 1
        Created: GMT Mon Jun 12 21:40:55 2006

File has no MPEG4 IOD/OD

Track # 1 Info - TrackID 1 - TimeScale 120000 - Duration 00:28:30.258
Media Info: Language "Undetermined" - Type "vide" - Sub Type "avc1" - 16178 samp
les
MPEG-4 Config: Visual Stream - ObjectTypeIndication 0x21
AVC/H264 Video - Visual Size 480 x 352 - Profile High @ Level 5.1
Pixel Aspect Ratio 4:3 - Indicated track size 640 x 352
Self-synchronized

Completed.
And here is the output that I got when I used the original demuxed v2 timecode file.
Code:
C:\Documents and Settings\Michael\Desktop\tc2mp4>tc2mp4.exe -i Track2.mp4 -t Tim
e.txt -o 1.mp4
mp4box -nhml 1 Track2.mp4
[Timecode info]
  Timecode format(v2)
  Total frames(16178), Timescale(1000000)
[NHML info]
  Timebase(1001)
[Delay]
  Frames(2), Timecode(83000)
mp4box -add Track2_track1_tc.nhml -new 1.mp4
NHML import - Stream Type Visual - ObjectTypeIndication 0x21
Saving 1.mp4: 0.500 secs Interleaving
mp4box -info 1.mp4
* Movie Info *
        Timescale 600 - Duration 00:27:01.831
        Fragmented File no - 1 track(s)
        File Brand isom - version 1
        Created: GMT Mon Jun 12 21:39:43 2006

File has no MPEG4 IOD/OD

Track # 1 Info - TrackID 1 - TimeScale 1000000 - Duration 00:27:01.832
Media Info: Language "Undetermined" - Type "vide" - Sub Type "avc1" - 16178 samp
les
MPEG-4 Config: Visual Stream - ObjectTypeIndication 0x21
AVC/H264 Video - Visual Size 480 x 352 - Profile High @ Level 5.1
Pixel Aspect Ratio 4:3 - Indicated track size 640 x 352
Self-synchronized

Completed.
It may or may not be of interest, but I thought it was best to post it anyway.
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Old 14th June 2006, 18:50   #20  |  Link
bond
Registered User
 
Join Date: Nov 2001
Posts: 9,770
in my first test the v2 -> v1 converter did the right thing and tc2mp4 was wrong slightly. i assume this is now fixed with zmis latest version

there is another reason why things can be wrong and this is because of flaws in the mkv timecode files themselves

eg they store 1/3fps not as 1/3fps but as 0.333333fps which is obviously not 100% the same and will therefore lead to slightly different results
such problems can be avioded with the nhml format
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