Welcome to Doom9's Forum, THE in-place to be for everyone interested in DVD conversion.

Before you start posting please read the forum rules. By posting to this forum you agree to abide by the rules.

 

Go Back   Doom9's Forum > General > Audio encoding

Reply
 
Thread Tools Search this Thread Display Modes
Old 26th April 2011, 19:18   #1  |  Link
deathlord
Registered User
 
Join Date: Mar 2008
Posts: 101
Avoid kmixer and still get correct 5.1 playback in a 7.1 setup

Hi

In order to get maximum audio quality in Windows, it is probably a good idea to avoid kmixer (whatever its name in the different Windows versions, more details how to avoid it below). It appears that in this case, 5.1 and 7.1 material plays inconsistently, i.e. the side channels of the 5.1 signal are played through the back rather than through the side speakers.*

This thread is intended to discuss the causes of this problem and how to best overcome it. In my opinion it should be possible to play multichannel audio of any common format without having to worry about number of channels or file type every time. Of course one may argue given the number of 7.1 recordings/soundtracks in movies this is not very important. I believe since these sources (BD, BD-audio) exist and are likely to grow in number, the issue should be addressed.
Even though this is a “playback” issue, I think it fits in this section, because it is closely related to how the audio is encoded.

The situation is complicated and confusing. Encoding, OS version, playback software, soundcard driver, audio renderer or audio file format may have an influence. I will do my best trying to explain what is happening. However, I may not have understood everything correctly, so corrections to my explanations are welcome.
I encounter the problem as follows
Audio file format: Wave Format Extensible, 5.1 and 7.1 or flac created from it using eac3to
OS: Win7x64
Playback software: Foobar2000 with WASAPI plugin
Soundcard: RME HDSP 9632 /Soundblaster X-fi Gamer, most recent drivers
However, I expect the problem to appear “somehow” in any Windows with any soundcard and any playback software, as long as a means to bypass kmixer is used I will try to summarize what I have found:
Code:
	RME, WASAPI	Creative, WASAPI	Creative, direct sound
wav             i                    c                   c
flac            i                    i                   i



Here, “i” means incorrect, i.e. surround goes to back, “c” means correct, surround goes to side (while in all cases the routing of 7.1 signals is identical). I can’t test the RME card in direct sound, since the people at RME have not yet managed to write a driver that can correctly play multichannel formats in direct sound.
What strikes me is, that with the Creative card there is a difference between wav and flac, while with the RME card there isn’t.


How did I test this?

I used the official 8 channel test file from Microsoft (http://www.microsoft.com/windows/win...ng71audio.aspx) and created 48/16 versions for 7.1 and 5.1 from it using eac3to and wavewizard:

6 channels wav:
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=T0D09T1A

8 channels wav:
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=GM455Z5I

6 channels flac:
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=EBOBEE16

8 channels flac:
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=Z5DGMDS5


Why does it happen?

Let me try to explain:
In an audio file, the channels are arranged in a certain order. For wave format extensible, Microsoft defines the following order for wave format extensible (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms713496.aspx , left out irrelevant channels):
FRONT_LEFT 0x1
FRONT_RIGHT 0x2
FRONT_CENTER 0x4
LOW_FREQUENCY 0x8
BACK_LEFT 0x10
BACK_RIGHT 0x20
SIDE_LEFT 0x200
SIDE_RIGHT 0x400

The flac files encoded by eac3to follow the same convention.
When playing back an audio file, some entity has to make sure, each channel is routed to the right speaker. Now as far as I understand, kmixer is this entity. When using direct sound, i.e. kmixer is active (I am not quite sure the two are equivalent), the routing should be correct.
If kmixer is not used, I would assume the routing will be 1:1, which would explain exactly why the surround channels come through the back.
However, two entries in the above table cannot be explained like this:
1) The creative card plays back wav correctly even in WASAPI
2) The creative card plays back flac incorrectly in direct sound

Why?
1): All I can think of is WASAPI is not used/not working here or the Creative driver is doing something creative on its own
2): Maybe kmixer is not used here? But why?


How can it be solved?

First of all, I believe, before solving anything, we have to understand what is going on. To me, the above explanations are not yet satisfactory.
My explanation seems plausible at least for what’s happening with the RME card. There, I can see to ways of solving the problem (not involving Microsoft or the sound card manufacturers):
1) Encode differently
2) Change the playback
For 1) one could simply swap side and back of all 7.1 material in eac3to.
Pro: problem solved for a given setup
Con: bad for playback in a setup that actually works correctly

For 2) it gets difficult. Something in the playback chain will automatically have to check if it is a 5.1 or 7.1 file and swap channels accordingly. Maybe it is possible to write a directshow filter that will do this, though I don't know this would be done.


Now, everyone who has arrived down here is invited to comment explain, propose...:-) It would be helpful if some people could confirm this, using other sound cards, too.
Maybe it's a good idea to discuss wav first and save flac for later?

Cheers
deathlord


* I am assuming here that the “correct” way of playing back a 5.1 signal through a 7.1 setup is to play the “surround” channels through the side, the back channels get no signal. Dolby recommends 90-110° for the surround/side speakers in 5.1/7.1 setups, so this seems to be a very reasonable assumption.
edit: See more also my more detailed explanation below: (http://forum.doom9.org/showthread.ph...89#post1496289)

Last edited by deathlord; 28th April 2011 at 11:48.
deathlord is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 27th April 2011, 01:49   #2  |  Link
Midzuki
Unavailable
 
Midzuki's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2009
Location: offline
Posts: 1,480
Just two things:

1) Regarding the decoding of lossless multichannel audio on Windows, all filters (excepting possibly madFlac) suck somehow;

2) welcome to the multichannel hell The subject was already discussed to death, especially in the eac3to specific thread, and NO reasonable "solution" has been found so far (afaIk, at least).
Quote:
* I am assuming here that the “correct” way of playing back a 5.1 signal through a 7.1 setup is to play the “surround” channels through the side, the back channels get no signal. Dolby recommends 90-110° for the surround/side speakers in 5.1/7.1 setups, so this seems to be a very reasonable assumption.
I still do not understand (nor accept) — the BACK channels should be played as BACK channels on a 5.1 setup, BUT shall be played as SIDE channels on a 7.1 setup.


Last edited by Midzuki; 27th April 2011 at 01:50. Reason: typo
Midzuki is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 28th April 2011, 09:51   #3  |  Link
deathlord
Registered User
 
Join Date: Mar 2008
Posts: 101
Quote:
Originally Posted by Midzuki View Post
1) Regarding the decoding of lossless multichannel audio on Windows, all filters (excepting possibly madFlac) suck somehow
When I use MPC with madFlac and reclock in WASAPI mode, I get the same as above, so madFlac, the way it is working today, is not the solution.

Quote:
The subject was already discussed to death, especially in the eac3to specific thread
I have probably read most of that. As you say, no satisfactory solution yet, hence my thread.

Quote:
I still do not understand (nor accept) — the BACK channels should be played as BACK channels on a 5.1 setup, BUT shall be played as SIDE channels on a 7.1 setup.
Let my try to explain differently:

Code:
Playback of 5.1 material in a 7.1 setup

5.1 --> 7.1

FL --> FL
FR --> FR
FC --> FC
LF --> LF
SL --> SL (surround goes to side)
SR --> SR
0  --> BL (back gets no signal)
0  --> BR
The reason for this is the surround channels (or back channels or rear channels if you want) must be coming from the same physical location, no matter the setup. In a 7.1 setup this means these channels must be played through the side channels exclusively, not the back channels. Reason: The position of the surround channels in a 5.1 setup is the same as the position of the side channels in a 7.1 setup, i.e. same angular range (90-110°) according to dolby.


Source: http://www.dolby.com/consumer/setup/...ide/index.html

Last edited by deathlord; 28th April 2011 at 11:30.
deathlord is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 28th April 2011, 11:10   #4  |  Link
tebasuna51
Moderator
 
tebasuna51's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2005
Location: Spain
Posts: 6,890
Quote:
Originally Posted by deathlord View Post
...
The reason for this is the surround channels (or back channels or rear channels if you want) must be coming from the same physical location, no matter the setup.
I never see the surround channels (5.1) at 90º, always was at 110º-120º.

Maybe Dolby change the setup to avoid the problem, but there are old ac3 material with surround channels calculated to 120º.

Change now the setup is a wrong solution, because perplexes users as you can see in your wellintentioned post.

I think a 5.1 must be played in a 7.1 system with:

Side speakers = 0.7 x Surround speakers
Back speakers = 0.7 x Surround speakers.
__________________
BeHappy, AviSynth audio transcoder.
tebasuna51 is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 28th April 2011, 11:23   #5  |  Link
Mark_A_W
3 eyed CRT supporter
 
Join Date: Jan 2008
Location: Or-strayl-ya
Posts: 563
I agree that the SIDE channels should be used in a 7.1 setup when 5.1 material is played (and the bacsk are silent).

The 7.1 SIDE channels are closer in position to where 5.1 surrounds are supposed to be positioned.

My Xonar/Windows gets this wrong, so I just set Ffdshow to duplicate a 5.1 signals surround channels to both side and back for 7.1 in the mixer (I turn the ffdshow mixer off for true 7.1 sources, which are very rare).
Mark_A_W is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 28th April 2011, 11:31   #6  |  Link
Mark_A_W
3 eyed CRT supporter
 
Join Date: Jan 2008
Location: Or-strayl-ya
Posts: 563
Quote:
Originally Posted by tebasuna51 View Post
I never see the surround channels (5.1) at 90º, always was at 110º-120º.

Maybe Dolby change the setup to avoid the problem, but there are old ac3 material with surround channels calculated to 120º.

Change now the setup is a wrong solution, because perplexes users as you can see in your wellintentioned post.

I think a 5.1 must be played in a 7.1 system with:

Side speakers = 0.7 x Surround speakers
Back speakers = 0.7 x Surround speakers.

Yes, that's pretty close to what I did with the ffdshow mixer.

I didn't use 0.7, I used 1.0, but then turned the Xonar levels down, same result.
Mark_A_W is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 28th April 2011, 11:46   #7  |  Link
deathlord
Registered User
 
Join Date: Mar 2008
Posts: 101
Quote:
Originally Posted by tebasuna51 View Post
I never see the surround channels (5.1) at 90º, always was at 110º-120º.
You can place the side channels in 7.1 at 110°, too. Then playing surround through side only will still be correct (see pictures above).

In fact, if dolby changed their 5.1-recommendation from 110-120° to 90-110°, 110° would be the only angle correct for both old and new material (and maybe an acceptable compromise for material produced for 120°, too).

Quote:
Originally Posted by Mark_A_W
I turn the ffdshow mixer off for true 7.1 sources, which are very rare
Do you think there is a way to make ffdshow switch between different presets for 5.1 and 7.1 automatically? This would correspond to solution 2) as decribed above.
deathlord is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 28th April 2011, 14:20   #8  |  Link
Mark_A_W
3 eyed CRT supporter
 
Join Date: Jan 2008
Location: Or-strayl-ya
Posts: 563
Quote:
Originally Posted by deathlord View Post


Do you think there is a way to make ffdshow switch between different presets for 5.1 and 7.1 automatically? This would correspond to solution 2) as decribed above.
I've tried with the auto preset load feature, based on channel number. And it doesn't work for me (using madFLAC as the decoder, then passing the audio through ffdshow).

However oddball has it working in the ffdshow thread - page 673
http://forum.doom9.org/showthread.php?t=120465&page=673

I've never got the damn auto preset thing working for any function reliably. I realise it has to be something the audio decoder can "see" in it's filter chain (so something video decoder related is inaccessible), therefore it should work for channel number.....but nup, it no workee for me
Mark_A_W is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 28th April 2011, 14:36   #9  |  Link
Midzuki
Unavailable
 
Midzuki's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2009
Location: offline
Posts: 1,480
Quote:
Originally Posted by deathlord View Post

Let my try to explain differently:

Code:
Playback of 5.1 material in a 7.1 setup

5.1 --> 7.1

FL --> FL
FR --> FR
FC --> FC
LF --> LF
SL --> SL (surround goes to side)
SR --> SR
0  --> BL (back gets no signal)
0  --> BR
The reason for this is the surround channels (or back channels or rear channels if you want) must be coming from the same physical location, no matter the setup.
I'm somewhat glad to know DTS, Inc. seems to think the same as I do. As the *additional* channels in a 7.1 stream are the SIDE channels, ...

To whom this may interest, I've managed to build an 8.1 system by using two sound cards at the same time, and their drivers are configured for:

Code:
SIDE speaker <-- 0.65*Side Channel + 0.30*Back Channel 
BACK speaker <-- 0.65*Back Channel + 0.30*Side Channel
Midzuki is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 28th April 2011, 14:53   #10  |  Link
Mark_A_W
3 eyed CRT supporter
 
Join Date: Jan 2008
Location: Or-strayl-ya
Posts: 563
Yeah, but my back channels are close together at the back of the room - it sucks when they are the only channels running. It should be the sides.


Dolby used to put the 5.1 channels at the sides, just above headheight.


Anyway, a meaningless debate, some of us want it the way we want it.


How on earth did you get two cards to work at once?? (You know you can build a fully active system with the PC as the crossover with 16 channels?)

Last edited by Mark_A_W; 28th April 2011 at 23:01.
Mark_A_W is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 28th April 2011, 16:52   #11  |  Link
deathlord
Registered User
 
Join Date: Mar 2008
Posts: 101
Quote:
Originally Posted by Midzuki View Post
I'm somewhat glad to know DTS, Inc. seems to think the same as I do. As the *additional* channels in a 7.1 stream are the SIDE channels, ...
Where did you get that information?
Judging from their website, the opposite is the case:
http://www.dts.com/Consumer_Electron...2F50468B0.ashx
http://www.dts.com/Consumer_Electron...81EB6F952.ashx
All the speakers seem to be at the same position, except the additional BACK speakers.

@ Mark_A_W
Thanks for the link, I'll check it out.
deathlord is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 28th April 2011, 17:29   #12  |  Link
Midzuki
Unavailable
 
Midzuki's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2009
Location: offline
Posts: 1,480
Quote:
Originally Posted by deathlord View Post
Where did you get that information?
Judging from their website, the opposite is the case:
http://www.dts.com/Consumer_Electron...2F50468B0.ashx
http://www.dts.com/Consumer_Electron...81EB6F952.ashx
All the speakers seem to be at the same position, except the additional BACK speakers.
As already expected, there are various groups of people inside DTS, Inc., and not always they speak the same language

http://forum.doom9.org/showpost.php?...ostcount=10157

http://forum.doom9.org/showpost.php?...ostcount=10539

As the pictures I posted show, the creators of the Monster Audio Encoder Suite always regard "Left Surround" and "Right Surround" as BACK channels.

Conclusion (and again): beyond 5.1, and until now, there is N0 "correct setup" for consumer-level multichannel audio.

Last edited by Midzuki; 28th April 2011 at 17:47. Reason: better wording
Midzuki is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 28th April 2011, 17:45   #13  |  Link
Midzuki
Unavailable
 
Midzuki's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2009
Location: offline
Posts: 1,480
Quote:
Originally Posted by Mark_A_W View Post
How on earth did you get two cards to work at once??
With the drivers from the Kx Project, plus two Audigies, it's possible to manage up to 10 (9.1) channels.

Quote:
(You know you can build a fully active system with the PC as the crossover with 16 channels?)
Actually, I don't have room enough for 9 audio channels
( but I am stubborn, of course ),
and have no plans of trying the full possibilities of the Wave_Format_Extensible "dimension".
Midzuki is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 28th April 2011, 19:05   #14  |  Link
deathlord
Registered User
 
Join Date: Mar 2008
Posts: 101
Quote:
Originally Posted by Midzuki View Post
As the pictures I posted show, the creators of the Monster Audio Encoder Suite always regard "Left Surround" and "Right Surround" as BACK channels.
Sorry, I don't see how you conclude this.
The top right setup on your image corresponds to the "7.1 standard" configuration (http://www.dts.com/Consumer_Electron...gurations.aspx), the image i posted above.

Quote:
Conclusion (and again): beyond 5.1, and until now, there is N0 "correct setup" for consumer-level multichannel audio.
If you are referring to all the "non-standard" dts speaker configs, I agree of course. Unless you have a hunderd speakers or you like moving your speakers around all the time.
But I regard these non-standards configs merely as design studies.


Anyway, as Mark_A_W said, it is not important which way is the "correct", everyone can choose his or her favourite.
I would rather focus on how to realize *any* of the discussed ways without having to make changes manually everytime when switchint between 5.1 and 7.1.
Though of course the method proposed by tebasuna51 has a big advantage:
It doesn't matter if side and back are swapped, say, when playing wave compared to when playing flac. Because side and back simply get the same signal. So if we don't find out how to suppress differences between file formats, we could use this method and be happy. I will see if I can configure ffdshow to do this automatically.
deathlord is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 28th April 2011, 22:28   #15  |  Link
Midzuki
Unavailable
 
Midzuki's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2009
Location: offline
Posts: 1,480
Quote:
Originally Posted by deathlord View Post
Sorry, I don't see how you conclude this.
By looking at the pictures, and by not misunderstanding the text below:

Quote:
Originally Posted by Midzuki View Post
Just for the record, these are the only "7.1 DTS channel layouts" which are compatible with the Wave-Format-Extensible definitions:

Code:
L, R, C, LFE, Ls, Rs, Lw, Rw

L, R, C, LFE, Ls, Rs, Cs, Ch
(Cs == Back Center, Ch == Top Front Center)

L, R, C, LFE, Ls, Rs, Cs, Oh
(Oh == Top Center)

L, R, C, LFE, Ls, Rs, Lh, Rh
(Lh == Top Front Left, Rh == Top Front Right)
Argh!
Ls and Rs (should/must) have the same meaning and position in a "normal" 5.1 configuration:

http://www.dts.com/Consumer_Electron...0743DB5CE.ashx

And from a "historical" POV, the config below is/should-be clearly wrong:

http://www.dts.com/Consumer_Electron...2F50468B0.ashx

Anyway: the one to be blamed most is Microsoft. Because of Sony, they included the stupid SDDS channels in the WFextensible spec, and because of Dolby, they intend to transform rear channels into side channels.

Last edited by Midzuki; 28th April 2011 at 22:57. Reason: argh
Midzuki is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 29th April 2011, 02:29   #16  |  Link
Mark_A_W
3 eyed CRT supporter
 
Join Date: Jan 2008
Location: Or-strayl-ya
Posts: 563
Best would be for ffdshow to use dolby prologic 2 to create the 7.1 channels from a 5.1 signal. But currently it will only create 5.1 from a 2 channel source
Mark_A_W is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 29th April 2011, 02:33   #17  |  Link
Mark_A_W
3 eyed CRT supporter
 
Join Date: Jan 2008
Location: Or-strayl-ya
Posts: 563
Quote:
Originally Posted by Midzuki View Post
With the drivers from the Kx Project, plus two Audigies, it's possible to manage up to 10 (9.1) channels.



Actually, I don't have room enough for 9 audio channels
( but I am stubborn, of course ),
and have no plans of trying the full possibilities of the Wave_Format_Extensible "dimension".

That wasn't really want I meant.


With 16 channels you can drive the tweaters and woofers of 7 speakers separately, and still have 2 channels for subwoofers.

A fully active, PC based crossover, 7.2 system. Schweet

The audigy Kx project drivers can't get to 16 channels?
Mark_A_W is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 29th April 2011, 03:21   #18  |  Link
Midzuki
Unavailable
 
Midzuki's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2009
Location: offline
Posts: 1,480
Quote:
Originally Posted by Mark_A_W View Post
That wasn't really want I meant.
You're the only one to be blamed in this particular case.

Quote:
The audigy Kx project drivers can't get to 16 channels?
As I said a-n-d meant , no.

Being as clear as possible,
their "``geographic´´ channel mapping" is very straight-to-the-point

NW = front left
NE = front right
N = front center
SW = rear left
SE = rear right
S = rear center
W = side left
E = side right
LFE = "hell"
TOP = "heaven"

Last edited by Midzuki; 29th April 2011 at 04:31. Reason: semantics
Midzuki is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 29th April 2011, 12:36   #19  |  Link
deathlord
Registered User
 
Join Date: Mar 2008
Posts: 101
Great!

Mark_A_W, thanks again very much for pointing out the auto-loading presets! It is working!

First of all, I have confirmed the three scenarios described in the first post behave exactly the same way when using MPC HC, madFlac Source/File Source (Async.) and reclock in direct sound/WASAPI mode.

Now I did the following (I'll write dummy stile, just to make sure it is reproducible):

Win7x64
MPC HC 1.5.1.2903
ffdshow tryouts 3184
madFlac 1.10
ReClock 1.8.7.3
Haali Media Splitter 03/03/2011 (for flac in mkv container)

- disable all internal filters in MPC
- go to external filters, add and prefer:
- Haali Media Splitter (AR)
- madFlac Decoder
- madFlac Source
- ffdshow audio processor
- double click on ffdshow audio processor
- go to codecs, make sure it says Uncompressed: all supported
- go to Profiles/Preset settings
- Add a new Preset named "8_Channel"
- double click on it to activate it
- open Preset autoload conditions
- activate "on number of channels match", enter "8", close the window
- activate Automatic preset loading at the bottom
- go to Swap channels, activate it
- set it to swap side to back
(alternatively, you can use 6 channels and go to mixer and enter the matrix of your choice)
- press ok

Now the Preset "8_Channel" should load automatically whenever an 8 channel source is played.
You can check if it is loaded: During playback, go to Play->Filters->ffdshow Audio Processor->Properties->Profiles/Preset settings
where the active preset is shown at the top.

I have tested this to work for both wav and flac files for both my soundcards. Flac in an mkv container is also working.

For my RME card, this solves the problem for all situations in which I can use ffdshow audio processor (in particular: MPC movie playback).

Now of course for soundcards that behave differenty for different file formats, the above works only for some formats (e.g. flac). But this is no problem:

In the Preset autoload conditions, make sure
"On all conditions match (AND)" is active, then activate also
"on movie file name match (with wildcards)"
and enter all file formats that need swapping for 8 channels, separated by semicolons, e.g. "*.flac"

I have found this to work aswell.


To summarize:
The 5.1/7.1 channel swapping problem can be solved in direct show players by using the auto-loading presets feature found in ffdshow audio processor.


Of course the problem remains in non-direct show players like foobar2000 and vlc. It also remains in Linux.

Also, it would still be interesting to understand why some soundcards behave differently with different file formats (is WASAPI really used, according to the reclock info display: yes).


Thanks to everyone who has contributed in this thread!

Cheers
deathlord

Last edited by deathlord; 29th April 2011 at 14:34.
deathlord is offline   Reply With Quote
Old 30th April 2011, 07:23   #20  |  Link
Midzuki
Unavailable
 
Midzuki's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2009
Location: offline
Posts: 1,480
<NIT-PICK status="on">
Quote:
Originally Posted by deathlord View Post
...
I used the official 8 channel test file from Microsoft (http://www.microsoft.com/windows/win...ng71audio.aspx) and created 48/16 versions for 7.1 and 5.1 from it using eac3to and wavewizard:
...
There is something wrong in those .WAV files. Just because I was bored , I remuxed them into videoless .AVIs through ffmpeg, and wavi.exe ( fixed build from tebasuna51 ) did not detect a valid PCM stream inside them Notwithstanding, sox.exe can do miracles Bottom line is,

« don't use wavewizard, that's all »

</NIT-PICK status="off">

TL;DR — To the <irony>geniuses</irony> from Dolby, from DTS and from Microsoft: it's very anti-sportive to change the rules in the middle of the game
Midzuki is offline   Reply With Quote
Reply

Thread Tools Search this Thread
Search this Thread:

Advanced Search
Display Modes

Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is Off

Forum Jump


All times are GMT +1. The time now is 13:23.


Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.11
Copyright ©2000 - 2024, vBulletin Solutions Inc.