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View Full Version : DVD Backup - Advanced Development Q&A


PurpleMan
24th October 2003, 22:19
Hello.
I wrote this post in a Q&A format to be more clear, understandable, and easy to read. I hope it satisfy its readers.

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1) What are we trying to accomplish?

We are trying to accomplish an easy, efficient, and foolproof way of backing up any retail DVD9 to a a DVD5 size that we can later on burn on a DVD-R/W or a DVD+R/W.

2) What's wrong with the "One-Click" solutions like DVD-Shrink?

The "One-Click" solutions like DVD-Shrink are transcoders, the quality is simply unacceptable and defeats the purpose of having a movie on DVD, which is quality.

3) We still have a soltuion called "The Big Three". Why not just use that?

Let me start by saying that "The Big Three" way of backing up a DVD9 into a DVD5 is currently by far the BEST way we have at our disposal. However, It is quite far from being perfect, and has many unresolved issues. As of today, "The Big Three" is far from supporting all titles out there. It can't do Seamless Branching, Complex Multi-Angle, Botton-Over-Video, and not to mention Infinifilm. It's also fair to say that even in titles that does not fit the categories I've just mentioned there are still many problems with the process. To sum it up bluntly, "The Big Three" is a long procedure, and it leaves ALOT of room for mistakes, improperly reauthored streams, inability to 'fast search' within a playing title, and unknown amount of incompatibilities of different sorts from many users trying to figure out their mistakes, if at all.

4) I kind of recall that when DVDR just started out, there was a way of just encoding the MPEG2 file, and remuxing it back to the original authored DVD. Why don't we use that?

That solution is perfect in concept, but fails misserably when being performed. In order to mux a MPEG2 file back to the original authored DVD it has to match the original. This means that it has to be of the exact same GOP structure, timecodes, locations of I,B,P frames, and FRAME TYPES (progressive/interlaced).

5) Why does it have to match the original? What difference does it make?

The IFO file of the original authored DVD contains many pinpoints and properties of the original M2V file. These pinpoints and properties indicate and affect the syncing of the audio, subtitles, chapters, scenes, and many other variables especially in Infinifilm and other menu-driven features.

6) Okay, let's do that! What's the problem?

ReMPEG2 is the only encoder that could make this work, as it used to read the original M2V file and encode a new file at a lower bitrate that matched the source in every aspect. The problem with that was the poor (and unacceptable) quality.

7) TMPGEnc and CCE both support the following of an inputted I frame sequences and GOP strcutures, What's the problem with that?

Let's start with the easiest one to explain. CCE just claims to follow an inputted order, but it completely ignores the locations of the I frames you input, someone from this forum awhile back said "as if it knows better". As for TMPGEnc, it is true - YES! it can follow a specific GOP structure and it does it correctly too!

8) Why don't we use TMPGEnc then?

That's what I asked myself too. At first, I thought of the obvious - Quality isn't enough. People who choose not to transcode because they want quality won't settle for anything less than CCE, right? WRONG! TMPGEnc 2-PASS VBR at *HIGHEST* (NOT normal or very-high like people have tested before) motion search accuracy is equivalent in both time and quality to a 9-PASS-VBR CCE encode. I tested this thoroughly on 3 titles, one of which being "The Matrix" which took in both cases roughly 21 hours to encode (P4 2.53GHz, 512MB), and both resulted in a perfect encode. I have many screenshots of comparisions between the two, but I will not post them as of now because they are irrelelvent to the discussion I'm trying to invoke. You'll just have to take my word for it. So the reason we're not using TMPGEnc is not the quality. The real reason is that our assumption was ultimately wrong.

9) And what assumption would that be?

Since I can remember myself, we always assumed that the way to use CCE/TMPG with IFOEDIT will be making CCE follow a GOP Structure, and if we achieve that, we can backup any dvd, easily and fast. That assumption while looks geniusly correct (and impossible) is also ultimately wrong in 99% of titles. In order to remux a stream back using IfoEdit it has to meet 2 requirements. The first requirement is the file following the same GOP structure, which was what we always knew. The second requirement is the file having the EXACT same number of hard-coded frames and in the EXACT same encoding method (progressive/interlaced - 23.976 pulled-down/29.970 interlaced). Even if we could make CCE work like TMPG can work, neither of the encoders can meet the second demand.

10) What are you talking about? You can choose the way the encoder works, AND the frame-rate.

Yes, but that's working under the assumption that your ENTIRE stream is the same. Either 100% progressive or 100% interlaced. What would you do if you have a PGC that has first 200 frames (studio logo maybe?) encoded at 29.970 interlaced, and the rest of the stream as 23.976 progressive pulled down? Even if you could make CCE/TMPG encode with the correct GOP structure, you can't make it encode first 200 frames as interlaced, and the rest as 23.976 pulled-down. That can be easily work-arouned'ed for this specific case, but what happens what you have 5 frames in the middle of the stream? or a hybrid source? This approach is virtually impossible, and the wrong way to go.

11) Okay, so we obviously can't use remuxing as well. What is the way to go?

Who said remuxing isn't the way to go? it IS! just not the way it was grasped by people until now. We always assumed that we have to make an M2V file that will match the original. That assumption is again, false. We need to have the IFO adjusted to match the new M2V file, and not vice-versa. You have to analyze the new M2V and compensate for the differences. this is the ONLY way of to make a perfect DVD9->DVD5 conversion that will ALWAYS work, be 100% compatible, fast and efficient, and as a bonus, won't even require the sacrifice of alot of free space for the process.

12) Don't we need the official DVD-Specs to be able to compensate for the differences between the M2V files in the IFO?

No. This is a common error. As of today (to the best of my knowledge or what I had researched), we have the knowledge to change EVERY SINGLE THING within an IFO file. We are just not sure of what needs to be changed, and how to 'translate' the analyzed M2V file into data that needs to be placed in the IFO. Once we accomplish that a simple front-end program which can be done by Eyes`Only (already talked to him) will be able to give you a complete solution for DVD backup, while maintaining the highest quality and highest compatibility, with minimal space requirements, minimal error margins, and most importantly, minimal effort.

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Thank you for your time. Any comments, insights, ideas, innovations, and criticism will be greatly appreciated and welcomed as long as it's in a civil and productive way.

PurpleMan.

farmer dan
24th October 2003, 22:51
What's the purpose of the Q and A? In what venue will it be used? To what premise are you trying to steer the reader?

I have some initial gut reactions, especially about the implied assumptions, but I'd like to know how this will be used before I reply.

Thanks.

PurpleMan
24th October 2003, 23:35
What's the purpose of the Q and A? In what venue will it be used? To what premise are you trying to steer the reader?

I have some initial gut reactions, especially about the implied assumptions, but I'd like to know how this will be used before I reply.

Thanks.

The purpose of this Q&A is to raise awareness in the DVD Backup community of what stands between us and the ability to create full DVD backups. I think that if people understand better what is the problem, they can start offering solutions. As of today, there are no solutions to the issues I've mentioned. Hopefully, with the bits and pieces of knowledge and personal experience of users who take part of this discussion, we can start making some progress.

Let me just make it clear that I am not a programmer, I have no means or abilities to stand up, take ideas and make them come true. I'm just a user, a DVD Ripper. I just hope that people like Eyes`Only (author of DoItFast4U), Aquabubble (Author of ReAuthorist), BBWoof (Author of DoCCE4U) and Derrow (Author of IfoEdit) who have such abilities will take those ideas and develop them further for the DVD ripping community.

To be blunt yet clear - There is no hidden agenda behind this discussion. Just brain-storming. No conspiracies, commericalism or anything of this sort. The goal behind this discussion is to end up with a freeware dvd2dvd±r backup tool that can cope with all the abovementioned issues.

PurpleMan

Kedirekin
29th October 2003, 00:29
Okay, I'll admit I find this post irritating, but I want to provide some (hopefully non-biased) feedback anyway.

When DVD2AVI first came out, it didn't have a forced film mode. It had something else (I don't remember what it was called) that output every *real* frame from the original stream. This caused an async problem for mixed content (95% Film for example), so Jackie implemented the partial decimation mode we now call forced film.

It sounds like recreating this old output mode would get you halfway to solving the second issue you mention in #9. The other part of the equation would be copying the RFF/TFF flags from the original stream to the recoded stream. I know of no tool that will currently do that.

Another thing I want to mention is rejig. It's another transcoding tool that people are talking about in the one click forum. They're claiming the quality is better than the other transcoders, and its use sounds similar to what you are describing (create recoded stream and mux it in place of the original).

Lastly, I don't know if it is wise to try to retro-force a general purpose encoder like CCE or TMPGEnc to act like a transcoder (maintaining GOP structures and all stream metadata I mean). Architecturally it would be better to design a net-new trans-encoder from the outset to re-encode from MPG to MPG, GOP by GOP, perhaps based on the BBMPeg engine. The intermediate conversion to AVI just feels like it'll always cause problems for a trans-encoding approach. For example, how do you deal with streams that have changing field dominance? AVI has no concept of fields.

BTW: aren't there rumors that this GOP by GOP recoding is exactly what Instant Copy does?

PurpleMan
29th October 2003, 01:19
Okay, I'll admit I find this post irritating
Why do you find it irritiating?
When DVD2AVI first came out, it didn't have a forced film mode. It had something else (I don't remember what it was called) that output every *real* frame from the original stream. This caused an async problem for mixed content (95% Film for example), so Jackie implemented the partial decimation mode we now call forced film.
Very much true. It was called 'Preserve FILM' and would just disregard any RFF/TFF flags in the stream and just output the hardcoded frames. Also true, will get us half-way there.
The other part of the equation would be copying the RFF/TFF flags from the original stream to the recoded stream. I know of no tool that will currently do that.
I already talked to Eyes`Only about that, appearantly copying all the flags from 1 m2v stream to another m2v stream is an easy task (assuming the 2 m2v's are identical in content) that should be easily coded.
Another thing I want to mention is rejig. It's another transcoding tool that people are talking about in the one click forum. They're claiming the quality is better than the other transcoders, and its use sounds similar to what you are describing (create recoded stream and mux it in place of the original).
I actually tested ReJig myself a few hours ago. While it is superior to other transcoders like DVD Shrink and DVD2One, it is still a transcoder, and quality is far from being CCE-like.
Lastly, I don't know if it is wise to try to retro-force a general purpose encoder like CCE or TMPGEnc to act like a transcoder (maintaining GOP structures and all stream metadata I mean). Architecturally it would be better to design a net-new trans-encoder from the outset to re-encode from MPG to MPG, GOP by GOP, perhaps based on the BBMPeg engine.
Are you implying that we can create an MPEG2 encoder at the level of CCE? I highly doubt that given the amount of time, money, and effort that was put into the development of the product. The price of the software reflects on its value as well. But if someone out there is up to the task of creating an awesome customized open-sourced MPEG2 encoder, who am I to stop him?
BTW: aren't there rumors that this GOP by GOP recoding is exactly what Instant Copy does?
Who cares? ReMPEG2 does that too, real encoder that follows a "GOP by GOP" encoding. It just not doing it very well, quality and encoding speed suffers. Very much like InstantCopy. Not to mention InstantCopy is not a freeware.

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To sum things up - If we have a DVD2AVI with Preserve Film, and someone does write a "M2V STREAM DUPLICATOR" software (which as I mentioned, should be easily done), we still lack the part of forcing CCE to follow a certain pattern of encoding (GOP structure). That's why I initally stated that making a new M2V that matches the source is the wrong way to go. We need to make the IFO match the new M2V. Question is, how? That remains a mystery for now.

PurpleMan

BBWoof
30th October 2003, 02:44
I agree that there is no "transcoder" that's going to give you the quality of CCE. Transcoders work on the macroblock level, downgrading the bitrate of 8x8 blocks of the video. That's why, as the bitrate gets smaller, more blocks show up because the 8x8 block becomes less defined.

I think the real issue is the ability to properly remux a new m2v file into a current set of VOB files. Resetting the values in the PES of the m2v as well as the values within the IFO files.

If someone has a starting point for a project like that, I'd be more than willing to join in. I've mentioned a project like this before and basically been laughed at.

BBWoof

PurpleMan
30th October 2003, 14:57
I agree that there is no "transcoder" that's going to give you the quality of CCE. Transcoders work on the macroblock level, downgrading the bitrate of 8x8 blocks of the video. That's why, as the bitrate gets smaller, more blocks show up because the 8x8 block becomes less defined.
Yup, that's a given :)
I think the real issue is the ability to properly remux a new m2v file into a current set of VOB files. Resetting the values in the PES of the m2v as well as the values within the IFO files.
My point exactly.
If someone has a starting point for a project like that, I'd be more than willing to join in. I've mentioned a project like this before and basically been laughed at.
I think that the problem, as I've mentioned before, is that I don't know of anyone who knows how to properly set the new values in the IFO. if you have an idea of how this should be done, I'd be more than happy to work with you on this, on the testing-and-reporting side that is. I lack programming skills. I'm sure we could get other people on board as well.


PurpleMan